Pigs Flashcards
1
Q
What is the preferred environmental temp for newborn piglets?
A
80-90 degrees F
2
Q
What is the preferred environmental temp for mature sows or boars?
A
60-75 degrees F
3
Q
What is the ideal weight gain per day in production swine?
A
1.7 lbs/day
4
Q
What is the most important diagnostic resource for swine diseases?
A
Necropsy
5
Q
What is the three site production system for big swine producers?
A
Site 1: Breeding/gestation/farrowing
Site 2: Nursery for 3 week old pigs until about 50 lbs
Site 3: Grower/finisher
6
Q
What neurological disease in pigs less than 4 weeks of age can cause ataxia, seizures, opisthotonus and sudden death ?
A
Pseudorabies
7
Q
What should you do if you suspect a pig has pseudorabies or classical swine fever?
A
Contact state veterinarian
8
Q
What neurological disease in pigs can affect multiple body systems and causes a fever?
A
Classical Swine Fever aka Hog Cholera
9
Q
How is pseudorabies in pigs diagnosed?
A
Virus identification via FA, isolation or histopathology
10
Q
A nursing pig presents with paddling, incoordination and is febrile and you know you must use antibiotics to treat it, what disease is this?
A
Strep. Suis
11
Q
What is glasser’s disease?
A
It is caused by Haemophilus parasuis, which infects 3 week to 4 month old pigs causing fibrinous polyserositis, fevers, and sudden death.
12
Q
What is edema disease in pigs?
A
It is caused by E coli with shiga-like toxin that can lead to mesocolonic edema on necropsy
13
Q
What are the clinical signs of edema disease?
A
Abnormal squeal, ataxia, and lateral recumbency with paddling in 1-3 weeks post-weaning
14
Q
This neurological disease in pigs is characterized by eosinophilic meningitis on necropsy, what is it?
A
Salt poisoning caused by water deprivation
15
Q
A group of feeder pigs presents with sudden hind end paresis and you think it may have something to do with their feed. What is the disease?
A
Selenium toxicosis
16
Q
Which porcine skin diseases all present with clinical signs similar to vesicular stomatitis?
A
- Food and mouth disease
- Swine vesicular disease
- Swine vesicular exanthema
- Seneca Valley Virus
17
Q
Which porcine skin diseases can affect pigs of all ages?
A
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Foot and mouth disease
- Seneca Valley Virus
- Swine vesicular disease
- Swine vesicular exanthema
- Pediculosis
- Parakeratosis
- Sunburn/photosensitization
- Insect hypersensitivities
- Septicemias like salmonellosis
18
Q
Which porcine skin diseases only affects suckling pigs (1-3 weeks)?
A
- Swine pox
- Greasy pig disease
- Skin necrosis
19
Q
Which porcine skin diseases usually only affect weaners and feeders?
A
- Sarcoptic mange
- Tail biting
- Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
20
Q
A young, 2 month old white weaner presents with coalescing red circular-oval plaques mainly on the abdomen ( ventrum) that are non-pruritic. The pigs are non-febrile and they seem to recover spontaneously, what disease is this?
A
Pityriasis rosea-porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis
21
Q
What is the main difference between porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis?
A
The pigs that have porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome will be sick and febrile and many will die while pigs with porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis are not febrile and recover spontaneously.
22
Q
Which porcine skin disease would you need a biopsy/histopath to diagnose?
A
- Swine pox
- Pityriasis rosea
- Dermatosis vegetans
- Cutaneous melanomas
- Sunburn, photosenitization
- Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
- Greasy pig disease ( culture more important)
23
Q
Which porcine skin disease would you need to do a culture to diagnose?
A
- Greasy pig disease
- Erysipelas
- Septicemias like salmonellosis
24
Q
How would you diagnose ringworm or sarcoptic mange in a pig?
A
Skin scraping
25
How would you diagnose pediculosis, skin necrosis of piglets, or tail biting in pigs?
Visual inspection
26
Which porcine skin disease would you need to do a feed analysis in order to diagnose?
Parakeratosis-Zn deficiency
27
Which porcine skin diseases are reportable?
1. Vesicular stomatitis
2. Swine vesicular disease
3. Swine vesicular exanthema
4. Foot and mouth disease
28
Which porcine skin disease can be prevented with a vaccine?
Erysipelas
29
Which porcine skin diseases tend to spontaneously recover?
1. Swine pox
| 2. Pityriasis rosea
30
How would you treat pigs suffering greasy pig disease?
Prevent abrasions, improve sanitation, and give penicillin
31
How would you treat pigs suffering from sarcoptic mange pediculosis, or swine pox?
Ivermectin treatment for 10-14 days
32
How would you prevent pigs from suffering from dermatosis vegetans or cutaneous melanomas?
Good genetic selection
33
What porcine skin disease is characterized by "blood warts" on the skin, can result in carcass condemnation due to mets, and affects Durocs?
Cutaneous melanomas
34
How would you treat/prevent tail-biting in pigs?
Check the diet and decrease stocking density ( stress and boredom can cause it)
35
How would you treat skin necrosis of piglets?
Correct flooring and treat topically
36
A feeder pig presents to you with pyrexia then rhomboid/oval skin lesions, what is it and how would you treat it?
Erysipelas and treat with penicillin as it is caused by gram positive streptococcus..
37
The shiga toxin from E coli causes a disease that affects 1-3 week post weaning pigs. It is characterized by an abnormal squeal, ataxia, lateral recumbency with paddling and mesocolonic edema on necropsy. What is it?
Edema Disease
38
How would you diagnose the following swine neurological diseases? HEV, pseudorabies, IBR, Polioencephalomyelitits, encephalomyocarditis virus, blue eye disease, and selenium toxicosis?
Histopathology
39
Which neurological pig diseases could you diagnose with a culture ( there are three)?
1. Strep. suis
2. Glasser's disease
3. Edema disease
40
Which neurological swine disease are reportable ( there are 5)?
1. Pseudorabies
2. Classical swine fever
3. African swine fever
4. Swine vesicular disease
5. Blue eye disease
41
What very important disease should you rule out when a pig is suffering from CNS signs?
Rabies
42
What are the main diarrheal disease in weaned pigs ( there are 10)?
1. Post-weaning E. coli enteritis
2. Salmonellosis
3. Swine dysentery
4. Porcine colonic spirochetosis
5. Proliferative enteropathies
6. TGE
7. Porcine epidemic diarrhea
8. Rotaviral enteritis
9. Whipworms
10. Classical swine fever
43
Which diarrheal porcine diseases that occur in weaned pigs can involve blood stained stool?
1. Salmonellosis
2. Swin dysentery
3. Proliferative enteropathies (Lawsonia intracellularis)
4. Whipworms
5. Classical swine fever
44
Which diarrheal porcine diseases that occur in neonates can involve vomiting? What about weaned pigs?
Neonates-
1. Enteric colibacillosis
2. Transmissable gastroenteritis
3. Porcine epidemic diarrhea
Weaned pigs-
1. TGE
2. PED
45
What is the interval of swine vaccine administration and at what age are they vaccinated?
Doses given at 3 week intervals staring at 3 weeks of age, want product in the system at least 2 weeks before an expected challenge
46
What two swine diseases have oral vaccines?
1. Salmonella
| 2. Lawsonia
47
When do you want to give reproductive vaccines like Parvo, lepto and PRRS?
4-6 weeks before breeding and again in 3 weeks
48
Should you give PRRS live vaccine to pregnant animals?
No, only give to seropositive herds
49
Which vaccines lack cross protection due to the strain variation in the infectious agent?
1. PRRS
| 2. Glasser's disease
50
T/F: Many swine vaccines do not prevent infection, only decrease severity of clinical disease.
True
51
What is a rope toy used for?
Serologic monitoring of heard health status, especially when it comes to PRRSV
52
What does congenital tremor, myoclonia congenital refer to in swine medicine?
Hypomyelination/demyelination issue of the nervous system in PRE-WEANED pigs
53
In what age group of pigs is hypoglycemia likely to cause neurological disease? How would you treat them?
Neonates
| Feed them
54
Which porcine neurological diseases are multisystemic?
1. Pseudorabies
2. Streptococcus suis
3. Classical swine fever
55
How is type 1 strep. suis different from type 2?
Type 2 is zoonotic and is more common
56
This neurological pathogen of pigs is survives well in the environment and can enter the CNS system via macrophages. What is it?
Strep. suis
57
In what specific location does strep. suis like to localize in the body? What clinical sign does this cause?
Meninges and can cause opisthotonus, paddling and incoordination
58
What two porcine diseases can cause vegetative endocarditis?
1. Strep. suis
| 2. Erysipelas
59
What is usually the only clinical sign of a strep. suis infection in a pig? What are some other signs?
Acute death, and may also see septicemia, fever and lameness
60
How would you diagnose strep. suis in a pig?
Culture it and do a post mortem exam to look for suppurative meningitis
61
How is strep. suis treated?
Antibiotics that are not penicillin resistance
62
What are the differentials for Mulberry heart disease in nursing or recently weaned pigs?
1. Streptococcus suis
63
What are the clinical signs of classical swine fever?
1. CNS issues
2. Diarrhea
3. Multisystemic
64
What are the clinical signs of glasser's disease?
Sudden death and fibrinous polyserositis
65
How would you diagnose and treat glasser's disease?
Culture and antibiotics
66
How does edema disease cause clinical signs?
The e. coli shiga like toxin targets the endothelium leading to ataxia lateral recumbency and sudden death
67
Do pigs with edema disease usually have diarrhea?
No
68
How would you diagnose edema disease?
Positive culture from the gut with edema in the greater curvature of the stomach and spiral colon on necropsy
69
How should you treat edema disease?
Antibiotics for gram negative bacteria
70
A pig presents to you and the owner says that he seems to be having a sequence of clinical signs with tremors, unconsciousness and then recovery. You ask if the pig had been in an area without water for awhile and then reintroduce. Why is this important to ask?
This sounds like Salt poisoning/water deprivation which can cause encephalitis due rehydration after the sodium concentrations in the body compartments reaches an all time high..including in the brain. Since salt pulls water in, the brain swells.
71
What is the first sign of salt poisoning?
INTERMITTENT convulsive seizures
72
A pig goes without water for two days and then comes to you blind and backing up with rigid extension of the front limbs, pivoting around one foot, but always the same foot. What is going on? How do you treat the pig?
Salt poisoning
Administer mannitol to decrease brain swelling, then only give small amounts of water at frequent intervals
73
How is salt poisoning diagnosed?
1. History
| 2. Histology with eosinophilic meningitis
74
What is an important differential diagnosis for salt poisoning in a pig?
Polioencephalomalacia: Thiamine deficiency and lead toxicity
75
What can you see on histology that clues you in to selenium toxicity in pigs?
Cavitating lesions in the ventral horns of the thoracocolumbar spinal cord
76
What virus causes hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis in pigs < 3 weeks of age? Can it be treated?
Coronavirus
No
77
What are the clinical signs of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?
1. Vomiting
2. Dehydration
3. Dog sitting
4. Convulsions
5. Death
78
Which porcine neurological diseases have high mortalities?
1. Teschen/talfan encephalomyocarditis
2. Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
3. Edema disease
4. Glasser's disease
5. Pseudorabies
79
T/F: Pigs do not sweat.
False, pigs do have apocrine sweat glands , just not as many as other species
80
What are the main factors that contribute to skin problems in swine?
1. Stocking density
2. Environmental factors
3. Opportunity for trauma
81
What is the treatment for ear tip necrosis? Which age group does this normally affect?
Let it rot and fall off, then prevent secondary infections.
Affects recently weaned pigs
82
What is the worst thing than can happen with tail biting?
Bacterial ascending infection to the vertebral bodies that cause osteomyelitis and a pathological fracture..lead to hind end paralysis. What other disease can manifest as hind limb paralysis? Selenium toxicosis
83
What exactly is frost bite?
Thrombosis due to exposure to cold or septicemia leading to necrosis of the extremities or ears
84
What causes pityriasis rosea?
It is not known
85
What is the infectious agent of greasy pig disease and how do you treat it?
Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxin that need to be treated with penicillin as it is gram positive
86
How is swine pox spread and how can it be treated?
Suckling lice and need to use ivermectin to treat
87
What is an important differential diagnosis for parakeratosis?
Scabies
88
What disease looks similar to many reportable vesicular disease due to vesicles and erosions on mucocutaneous junctions, but is not reportable?
Senecavirus A Disease
89
What age group does Senecavirus A disease usually affect?
Sows and piglets
90
Which reportable vesicular disease that occurs in swine can also affect horses?
Vesicular stomatitis
91
How could you differentiate a pig with swine pox from a pig with a reportable vesicular disease?
Weals, papules and pustules targets haired skin whereas in reportable vesicular diseases, the mucocutaneous junctions are targeted
92
What is considered the circovirus associated disease?
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
93
What are the clinical signs of PDNS? Why does this occur?
Raised, red, hemorrhagic, coalescing circular lesions on the ham and flank due to a Type III hypersensitivity
94
In addition to skin lesions, what else does the porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome do the the pig? What about on histology?
It causes thrombi in the glomeruli of the kidney leading to a necrotizing vasculititis glomerular lesions on histopathology
95
Which porcine skin disease can cause a pig to be very sick and febrile?
1. Erysipelas
2. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
3.
96
What is an important differential diagnosis for Erysipelas?
Actinobacilus suis
97
Which swine diseases can cause massive hemorrhage and cyanosis on the skin?
Any septic, systemic disease like salmonellosis and systemic e. coli
98
These neonatal diarrheal diseases can be prevented via a vaccine that works by "feeding back" sows before gestation so they can build up antibodies against the infectious agent.
1. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)
| 2. Transmissable gastroenteritis (TGE)
99
How can you differentiate between porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and transmissable gastroenteritis (TGE)?
Since they are essential clinically the same and cause high mortality/morbidity in suckling neonates, you have to remember that PED is a newer disease to the United states, while TGE has been around for awhile.
100
A group of 1 week old piglets are very sick and many have already died. The owner reports that they have vomiting and diarrhea, but that the adults do not seem to be affected. What diseases are at the top of your differential list?
1. PED: Porcine epidemic diarrhea
| 2. TGE: Transmissible gastroenteritis
101
How could you tell if a piglet died of PED/TGE versus rotaviral enteritis?
You need to ask if the piglet was vomiting beforehand, as piglets with rotaviral enteritis do not vomit. On histology, TGE/PED and rotaviral enteritis look the same with atrophic villi in the small intestine, so will need to do PCR, ELISA or EM to tell the difference.
102
What is a neonatal diarrheal disease that has a high mortality and likes to affect the jejunum? What about the spiral colon?
In the jejunum, clostridium perfringens type C is the infectious agent.
In the spiral colon, clostridium difficile is the infectious agent.
103
You drive out to a farm and the pig farmer tells you that a bunch of his day old piglets suddenly died. You decide to do a necropsy and find that there is severely hemorrhagic necrotic small intestines with fibrin. Next, you send some samples to histology and it comes back with gram positive rods. What is this disease and how would you treat it the piglets that are still alive? What could you tell the farmer for future prevention?
Clostridium perfringens type C
Treat with penicillin/ampicillin and make sure the farmer knows that he can vaccinate the sows to prevent this from happening again.
104
What is the virus that causes porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissable gastroenteritis?
Coronavirus
105
How does TGE/ PED cause atrophic villi in the small intestine?
It destroys mature enterocytes
106
Why is it difficult to control and diagnose TGE/PED?
It is a coronavirus so it can survive up to a month in manure is it likes the cold. It also has a 24 hours incubation period, so can affect a whole barn in 3 weeks. Since the antigen moves through the body quickly, the window to detect it is short.
107
How is the temperature that neonates are kept in important in relation to enteric colibacillosis?
E. coli attaches better to brush border cells in cold environments
108
What type of diarrhea to neonates have with enteric colibacillosis and why?
Secretory diarrhea as the e. coli attaches to the brush border and then releases enterotoxins
109
How would you diagnose enteric colibacillosis?
1. Culture
2. Histology
3. Fecal pH often elevated
4. Dilated loops of SI on necropsy
110
How do you treat a neonate or weanling with enteric colibacillosis?
Oral Gentamycin or enrofloxcin...go paraenteral if you think there is sepsis
111
How does septicemic colibacillosis cause rapid death?
This strain lacks pili and antigens that can colonize the gut, so it goes strait to the blood causing bacteremia
112
What is the infectious agent of coccidiosis?
Isospora suis
113
A 2 week old piglet presents to you with milky, yellow diarrhea. What are your top differentials?
1. Coccidiosis
| 2. Clostridium dificile
114
What is the diagnosis and treatment for isospora suis in neonates?
Diagnose with intestinal smear and fecal flotation.
| Treat with toltrazuril
115
What are the two strains of E. coli that can cause diarrhea in weanlings?
1. Enterotoxigenic
| 2. Enteropathogenic
116
Which strains of E. Coli can cause diarrhea in neonates and weanlings?
Enterotoxigenic aka Enteric colibacillosis
117
If E. coli attaches and effaces the brush border of the small intestine, but doesn't release toxins that do this, which strain is it? How common are these?
Enteropathogenic
Rare
118
What strain of E. coli causes edema disease?
Enterotoxemia strains with the shiga like toxin
119
What are the clinical signs of an enterotoxigenic e. coli infection in a neonate/weanling?
1. Sudden death
2. Lethargy
3. Hypothermic
4. Watery stool ( secretory diarrhea)
5. Cyanosis
120
You do a necropsy on a piglet that was weaned three days ago. You find a square shaped gastric infarct in the greater curvature of the stomach. What disease is this?
Enterotoxigenic E. coli infection
121
How can you prevent enteric colibacillosis?
Vaccinate the gilts and sows
122
Rectal strictures with resultant megacolon can be caused by a infection with ___________. How?
Salmonella causes end artery thrombosis leading to necrosis and rectal strictures.
123
What are the two forms of salmonellosis?
1. Septicemic
| 2. Intestinal
124
Salmonella can cause pyrexia, but will only cause blood stained stool if it is in which form?
Intestinal
125
Describe the difference in necropsy finding between the intestinal and speticemic forms of salmonellosis.
Septicemic: Multifocal, embolic hepatitis with a turkey egg kidney
Intestinal: Large intestinal fibrinous typhlocolitis
126
Salmonella, brachyspira (Swine dysentery and Porcine colonic spirochetosis), and whipworms invade the _________ intestine, while E. coli and Lawsonia (PPE) invade the ________ intestine.
Large
| Small
127
Which disease that can give weaned pigs button ulcers? What are button ulcers?
Salmonellosis
Button ulcers are craters with raised rims in the intestines that occur with chronic infections
128
A pig has a rectal stricture, what is on your differential list?
1. Salmonellosis
2. Rectal prolapse
3. Severe diarrhea
4. Mycotoxins
129
What is on your differential list is a weaned pig presents to you with a fever and diarrhea?
1. Salmonellosis
| 2. Classical swine fever
130
Can you prevent salmonellosis with a vaccine?
Yes, but only for S. cholerasuis
131
How can you diagnose salmonellosis in a pig other than on necropsy? ( 3)
Culture the:
1. Lymph nodes
2. Gut
3. Liver
132
What treatments should be employed in a salmonellosis case?
Give them NSAIDS and electrolytes for the pyrexia. Can't give antibiotics in their feed because they are not eating.
133
What causes porcine proliferative enteropathy?
Lawsonia intracellularis
134
What part of the body does lawsonia intracellularis affect and what would you see on necropsy?
Distal small intestine causing necrotic ileitis
135
What are the three presentations of porcine proliferative enteropathies? What is the most common?
1. Proliferative ileitis -most common
2. Hemorrhagic ileitis
3. Necrotic ileitis
136
A 70 lb weaner/grower pig presents with weight loss and non-bloody diarrhea. What is on your differential list?
1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy-proliferative ileitis
| 2. Porcine colonic spirochetosis
137
A 70 lbs weaner/grower pig presents with weight loss and bloody diarrhea, what is on your differential list?
1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy-Hemorrhagic ileitis
2. Swine dysentery
3. Trichuris suis
4. Classical swine fever
5. Salmonella
138
What diarrheal diseases in weaned pigs could you diagnose with a fecal PCR?
1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy
| 2. Porcine colonic spirochetosis
139
What bacteria can cause the necrotic ileitis form of porcine proliferative enteropathy?
Fusobacterium
140
What presentation of porcine proliferative enteropathy usually affects just gilts?
Hemorrhagic ileitis
141
What type of diarrhea is caused by lawsonia intracellularis?
Malabsorptive
142
If you were trying to diagnose lawsonia intracullularis on histopath, what kind of stain would you need and why?
Since it is an intracellular pathogen, you would need to use a silver stain.
143
You do a necropsy on a weaned pig who had weight loss and diarrhea. You observe thickened terminal ileum and colon. What is the likely pathogen?
Lawsonia intracellularis
144
What type of antibiotics will kill lawsonia intracellularis?
Macrolides and tetracyclines
145
What is considered a slow fading diarrheal disease because it doesn't involve rapid morality in weaned pigs?
Swine dysentery
146
What do you need to diagnose swine dysentery? (3)
1. A fresh carcass so that you can see superficial fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis that is sparing the small intestine
2. Fresh smear with histology
3. PCR of the colonic mucosa
147
Can you use penicillin to treat swine dysentery or Porcine colonic spirochetosis? Why or why not?
Nope, they are caused by spirochetes that can only be killed with lincomycin, tylosin or tiamulin
148
If a farmer wants to prevent swine dysentery, what should he do?
Empty manure pits, control rodents and restock with disease free pigs as it can be eradicated
149
What is the main difference between swine dysentery and porcine colonic spirochetosis?
Swine dysentery pigs can have hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea that turns into grey, black soupy stool with more mortality. Porcine colonic spirochetosis is more of an issue because it causes poor rate of gain and lost profit to the producers.
150
A weaned pig presents with anorexia, weight loss and muccohemorrhagic diarrhea. You decide to do a fecal floatation you see mature worms. What is the disease and how do you treat?
Trichuris suis aka whipworms
Fenbendazole
151
What diseases causes diarrhea and vomiting in weaned pigs?
1. Porcine epidemic diarrhea
| 2. Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
152
Does rotaviral enteritis cause mortality in weaned pigs?
No
153
What would you see that is similar post mortem on a weaned pig with rotaviral enteritis, TGE or porcine epidemic diarrhea?
Villous tip blunting
154
What part of the body do gastric ulcers affect most commonly?
Pars esophageal ( the nonglandular stomach)
155
Does salmonella cause diarrhea in neonatal pigs?
No
156
What are some porcine alimentary lesions you want to watch out for that are noninfectious?
1. Gastric ulcers
2. Gastric torsion
3. Mycotoxins
157
A sow is found dead with blood filled, think walled digestive tract. What is on your differential list and how would you differentiate?
1. Gastric torsion
2. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
Do a necropsy and ask if there was a feed change recently
158
A pig is coughing and has decreased rate of gain. You do a necropsy and find milk spot liver. What is the disease?
Ascaris suum
159
What is the main reason why finisher pigs commonly get gastric ulcers?
They are stressed and pushed to gain weight quickly
160
A pig presents with vomiting, feed refusal and an enlarged vulva with a rectal prolapse. What is going on?
Mycotoxin in the feed, specifically the vomitoxin and zearalenon toxin
161
What does the cytomegalovirus cause?
Inclusion body rhinitis in nursing pigs
162
How would you diagnose inclusion body rhinitis?
Very large inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa
163
Which porcine respiratory diseases cause significant disease only in neonates?
1. Respiratory coronavirus
2. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
3. Pseudorabies
4. Atrophic rhinitis
5. Inclusion Body Rhinitis
164
Which porcine respiratory diseases actually have a viable treatment plan other than prevention or waiting it out?
1. Enzootic Pneumonia
2. Pleuropneumonia
3. Pneumonic pasteurellosis
4. Metastrongylus
165
What causes enzootic pneumonia and how can it be treated?
Mycoplasma and can be treated with antibiotics that do not need a cell wall, so not penicillins.
166
What causes pleuropneumonia and how can it be treated?
Actinobacillus and can be treated with systemic antibiotics that are not penicillin during an acute outbreak
167
Which porcine respiratory diseases can cause slow weight gain and lead to economic loss?
1. Atrophic Rhinitis
2. Porcine Respiratory Disease complex
3. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
4. Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases ( PCAD)
5. Enzootic Pneumonia
6. Pleuropneumonia
7. Pneumonic pasteurellosis
168
How can you tell the difference on necropsy between pleuropneumonia and pneumonic pasteurellosis?
The lesions are different:
Pleuropneumonia- fibrinohemorrhagic pleuropneumonia
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis- suppurative bronchopneumonia
169
What is the cause of clinical signs in atrophic rhinitis?
A toxigenic stain of Pasteurella multocida
170
A weaning pig presents to you with snout deviation and is not growing very well. What is your first thought?
Atrophic Rhinitis
171
How is atrophic rhinitis diagnosed?
Slaughter checks at the level of PM1/PM2 and then inspect the nasal bony scrolls and take nasal swab culture samples
172
Which porcine respiratory diseases can be prevented or lessened in their clinical presentation with a vaccine?
1. Atrophic rhinitis
2. Swine Influenza?
3. Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases
4. Enzootic Pneumonia
5. Pleuropneumonia
173
What can cause the non progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?
B. bronchiseptica
174
What factors make up porcine respiratory disease complex?
1. Mycoplasma
2. Bacteria
3. Virus
All within the respiratory tract
175
How can you differentiate between a complicated and an uncomplicated respiratory infection?
In an uncomplicated infection of just a virus, the lung would have diffuse pathology. In a complicated infection, the lungs would become stiff from inflammation with no localized areas of collapse or consolidation.
176
Is porcine respiratory disease complex considered an uncomplicated or complicated respiratory infection?
Complicated
177
What is the best way to diagnose the infectious agents that may be causing porcine respiratory disease complex?
Use a rope toy to collect salive in order to do PCR for:
1. PCV2
2. SIV
3. M. hyopneumoniae
178
What is the most economically important disease in the swine industry?
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
