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Large Animal Medicine > Pigs > Flashcards

Pigs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred environmental temp for newborn piglets?

A

80-90 degrees F

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2
Q

What is the preferred environmental temp for mature sows or boars?

A

60-75 degrees F

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3
Q

What is the ideal weight gain per day in production swine?

A

1.7 lbs/day

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4
Q

What is the most important diagnostic resource for swine diseases?

A

Necropsy

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5
Q

What is the three site production system for big swine producers?

A

Site 1: Breeding/gestation/farrowing
Site 2: Nursery for 3 week old pigs until about 50 lbs
Site 3: Grower/finisher

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6
Q

What neurological disease in pigs less than 4 weeks of age can cause ataxia, seizures, opisthotonus and sudden death ?

A

Pseudorabies

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7
Q

What should you do if you suspect a pig has pseudorabies or classical swine fever?

A

Contact state veterinarian

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8
Q

What neurological disease in pigs can affect multiple body systems and causes a fever?

A

Classical Swine Fever aka Hog Cholera

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9
Q

How is pseudorabies in pigs diagnosed?

A

Virus identification via FA, isolation or histopathology

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10
Q

A nursing pig presents with paddling, incoordination and is febrile and you know you must use antibiotics to treat it, what disease is this?

A

Strep. Suis

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11
Q

What is glasser’s disease?

A

It is caused by Haemophilus parasuis, which infects 3 week to 4 month old pigs causing fibrinous polyserositis, fevers, and sudden death.

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12
Q

What is edema disease in pigs?

A

It is caused by E coli with shiga-like toxin that can lead to mesocolonic edema on necropsy

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of edema disease?

A

Abnormal squeal, ataxia, and lateral recumbency with paddling in 1-3 weeks post-weaning

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14
Q

This neurological disease in pigs is characterized by eosinophilic meningitis on necropsy, what is it?

A

Salt poisoning caused by water deprivation

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15
Q

A group of feeder pigs presents with sudden hind end paresis and you think it may have something to do with their feed. What is the disease?

A

Selenium toxicosis

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16
Q

Which porcine skin diseases all present with clinical signs similar to vesicular stomatitis?

A
  1. Food and mouth disease
  2. Swine vesicular disease
  3. Swine vesicular exanthema
  4. Seneca Valley Virus
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17
Q

Which porcine skin diseases can affect pigs of all ages?

A
  1. Vesicular stomatitis
  2. Foot and mouth disease
  3. Seneca Valley Virus
  4. Swine vesicular disease
  5. Swine vesicular exanthema
  6. Pediculosis
  7. Parakeratosis
  8. Sunburn/photosensitization
  9. Insect hypersensitivities
  10. Septicemias like salmonellosis
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18
Q

Which porcine skin diseases only affects suckling pigs (1-3 weeks)?

A
  1. Swine pox
  2. Greasy pig disease
  3. Skin necrosis
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19
Q

Which porcine skin diseases usually only affect weaners and feeders?

A
  1. Sarcoptic mange
  2. Tail biting
  3. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
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20
Q

A young, 2 month old white weaner presents with coalescing red circular-oval plaques mainly on the abdomen ( ventrum) that are non-pruritic. The pigs are non-febrile and they seem to recover spontaneously, what disease is this?

A

Pityriasis rosea-porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis

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21
Q

What is the main difference between porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis?

A

The pigs that have porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome will be sick and febrile and many will die while pigs with porcine juvenile pustular psoriasiform dermatitis are not febrile and recover spontaneously.

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22
Q

Which porcine skin disease would you need a biopsy/histopath to diagnose?

A
  1. Swine pox
  2. Pityriasis rosea
  3. Dermatosis vegetans
  4. Cutaneous melanomas
  5. Sunburn, photosenitization
  6. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
  7. Greasy pig disease ( culture more important)
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23
Q

Which porcine skin disease would you need to do a culture to diagnose?

A
  1. Greasy pig disease
  2. Erysipelas
  3. Septicemias like salmonellosis
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24
Q

How would you diagnose ringworm or sarcoptic mange in a pig?

A

Skin scraping

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25
Q

How would you diagnose pediculosis, skin necrosis of piglets, or tail biting in pigs?

A

Visual inspection

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26
Q

Which porcine skin disease would you need to do a feed analysis in order to diagnose?

A

Parakeratosis-Zn deficiency

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27
Q

Which porcine skin diseases are reportable?

A
  1. Vesicular stomatitis
  2. Swine vesicular disease
  3. Swine vesicular exanthema
  4. Foot and mouth disease
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28
Q

Which porcine skin disease can be prevented with a vaccine?

A

Erysipelas

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29
Q

Which porcine skin diseases tend to spontaneously recover?

A
  1. Swine pox

2. Pityriasis rosea

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30
Q

How would you treat pigs suffering greasy pig disease?

A

Prevent abrasions, improve sanitation, and give penicillin

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31
Q

How would you treat pigs suffering from sarcoptic mange pediculosis, or swine pox?

A

Ivermectin treatment for 10-14 days

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32
Q

How would you prevent pigs from suffering from dermatosis vegetans or cutaneous melanomas?

A

Good genetic selection

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33
Q

What porcine skin disease is characterized by “blood warts” on the skin, can result in carcass condemnation due to mets, and affects Durocs?

A

Cutaneous melanomas

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34
Q

How would you treat/prevent tail-biting in pigs?

A

Check the diet and decrease stocking density ( stress and boredom can cause it)

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35
Q

How would you treat skin necrosis of piglets?

A

Correct flooring and treat topically

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36
Q

A feeder pig presents to you with pyrexia then rhomboid/oval skin lesions, what is it and how would you treat it?

A

Erysipelas and treat with penicillin as it is caused by gram positive streptococcus..

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37
Q

The shiga toxin from E coli causes a disease that affects 1-3 week post weaning pigs. It is characterized by an abnormal squeal, ataxia, lateral recumbency with paddling and mesocolonic edema on necropsy. What is it?

A

Edema Disease

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38
Q

How would you diagnose the following swine neurological diseases? HEV, pseudorabies, IBR, Polioencephalomyelitits, encephalomyocarditis virus, blue eye disease, and selenium toxicosis?

A

Histopathology

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39
Q

Which neurological pig diseases could you diagnose with a culture ( there are three)?

A
  1. Strep. suis
  2. Glasser’s disease
  3. Edema disease
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40
Q

Which neurological swine disease are reportable ( there are 5)?

A
  1. Pseudorabies
  2. Classical swine fever
  3. African swine fever
  4. Swine vesicular disease
  5. Blue eye disease
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41
Q

What very important disease should you rule out when a pig is suffering from CNS signs?

A

Rabies

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42
Q

What are the main diarrheal disease in weaned pigs ( there are 10)?

A
  1. Post-weaning E. coli enteritis
  2. Salmonellosis
  3. Swine dysentery
  4. Porcine colonic spirochetosis
  5. Proliferative enteropathies
  6. TGE
  7. Porcine epidemic diarrhea
  8. Rotaviral enteritis
  9. Whipworms
  10. Classical swine fever
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43
Q

Which diarrheal porcine diseases that occur in weaned pigs can involve blood stained stool?

A
  1. Salmonellosis
  2. Swin dysentery
  3. Proliferative enteropathies (Lawsonia intracellularis)
  4. Whipworms
  5. Classical swine fever
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44
Q

Which diarrheal porcine diseases that occur in neonates can involve vomiting? What about weaned pigs?

A

Neonates-

  1. Enteric colibacillosis
  2. Transmissable gastroenteritis
  3. Porcine epidemic diarrhea

Weaned pigs-

  1. TGE
  2. PED
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45
Q

What is the interval of swine vaccine administration and at what age are they vaccinated?

A

Doses given at 3 week intervals staring at 3 weeks of age, want product in the system at least 2 weeks before an expected challenge

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46
Q

What two swine diseases have oral vaccines?

A
  1. Salmonella

2. Lawsonia

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47
Q

When do you want to give reproductive vaccines like Parvo, lepto and PRRS?

A

4-6 weeks before breeding and again in 3 weeks

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48
Q

Should you give PRRS live vaccine to pregnant animals?

A

No, only give to seropositive herds

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49
Q

Which vaccines lack cross protection due to the strain variation in the infectious agent?

A
  1. PRRS

2. Glasser’s disease

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50
Q

T/F: Many swine vaccines do not prevent infection, only decrease severity of clinical disease.

A

True

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51
Q

What is a rope toy used for?

A

Serologic monitoring of heard health status, especially when it comes to PRRSV

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52
Q

What does congenital tremor, myoclonia congenital refer to in swine medicine?

A

Hypomyelination/demyelination issue of the nervous system in PRE-WEANED pigs

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53
Q

In what age group of pigs is hypoglycemia likely to cause neurological disease? How would you treat them?

A

Neonates

Feed them

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54
Q

Which porcine neurological diseases are multisystemic?

A
  1. Pseudorabies
  2. Streptococcus suis
  3. Classical swine fever
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55
Q

How is type 1 strep. suis different from type 2?

A

Type 2 is zoonotic and is more common

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56
Q

This neurological pathogen of pigs is survives well in the environment and can enter the CNS system via macrophages. What is it?

A

Strep. suis

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57
Q

In what specific location does strep. suis like to localize in the body? What clinical sign does this cause?

A

Meninges and can cause opisthotonus, paddling and incoordination

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58
Q

What two porcine diseases can cause vegetative endocarditis?

A
  1. Strep. suis

2. Erysipelas

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59
Q

What is usually the only clinical sign of a strep. suis infection in a pig? What are some other signs?

A

Acute death, and may also see septicemia, fever and lameness

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60
Q

How would you diagnose strep. suis in a pig?

A

Culture it and do a post mortem exam to look for suppurative meningitis

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61
Q

How is strep. suis treated?

A

Antibiotics that are not penicillin resistance

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62
Q

What are the differentials for Mulberry heart disease in nursing or recently weaned pigs?

A
  1. Streptococcus suis
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63
Q

What are the clinical signs of classical swine fever?

A
  1. CNS issues
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Multisystemic
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64
Q

What are the clinical signs of glasser’s disease?

A

Sudden death and fibrinous polyserositis

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65
Q

How would you diagnose and treat glasser’s disease?

A

Culture and antibiotics

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66
Q

How does edema disease cause clinical signs?

A

The e. coli shiga like toxin targets the endothelium leading to ataxia lateral recumbency and sudden death

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67
Q

Do pigs with edema disease usually have diarrhea?

A

No

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68
Q

How would you diagnose edema disease?

A

Positive culture from the gut with edema in the greater curvature of the stomach and spiral colon on necropsy

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69
Q

How should you treat edema disease?

A

Antibiotics for gram negative bacteria

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70
Q

A pig presents to you and the owner says that he seems to be having a sequence of clinical signs with tremors, unconsciousness and then recovery. You ask if the pig had been in an area without water for awhile and then reintroduce. Why is this important to ask?

A

This sounds like Salt poisoning/water deprivation which can cause encephalitis due rehydration after the sodium concentrations in the body compartments reaches an all time high..including in the brain. Since salt pulls water in, the brain swells.

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71
Q

What is the first sign of salt poisoning?

A

INTERMITTENT convulsive seizures

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72
Q

A pig goes without water for two days and then comes to you blind and backing up with rigid extension of the front limbs, pivoting around one foot, but always the same foot. What is going on? How do you treat the pig?

A

Salt poisoning

Administer mannitol to decrease brain swelling, then only give small amounts of water at frequent intervals

73
Q

How is salt poisoning diagnosed?

A
  1. History

2. Histology with eosinophilic meningitis

74
Q

What is an important differential diagnosis for salt poisoning in a pig?

A

Polioencephalomalacia: Thiamine deficiency and lead toxicity

75
Q

What can you see on histology that clues you in to selenium toxicity in pigs?

A

Cavitating lesions in the ventral horns of the thoracocolumbar spinal cord

76
Q

What virus causes hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis in pigs < 3 weeks of age? Can it be treated?

A

Coronavirus

No

77
Q

What are the clinical signs of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis?

A
  1. Vomiting
  2. Dehydration
  3. Dog sitting
  4. Convulsions
  5. Death
78
Q

Which porcine neurological diseases have high mortalities?

A
  1. Teschen/talfan encephalomyocarditis
  2. Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
  3. Edema disease
  4. Glasser’s disease
  5. Pseudorabies
79
Q

T/F: Pigs do not sweat.

A

False, pigs do have apocrine sweat glands , just not as many as other species

80
Q

What are the main factors that contribute to skin problems in swine?

A
  1. Stocking density
  2. Environmental factors
  3. Opportunity for trauma
81
Q

What is the treatment for ear tip necrosis? Which age group does this normally affect?

A

Let it rot and fall off, then prevent secondary infections.

Affects recently weaned pigs

82
Q

What is the worst thing than can happen with tail biting?

A

Bacterial ascending infection to the vertebral bodies that cause osteomyelitis and a pathological fracture..lead to hind end paralysis. What other disease can manifest as hind limb paralysis? Selenium toxicosis

83
Q

What exactly is frost bite?

A

Thrombosis due to exposure to cold or septicemia leading to necrosis of the extremities or ears

84
Q

What causes pityriasis rosea?

A

It is not known

85
Q

What is the infectious agent of greasy pig disease and how do you treat it?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxin that need to be treated with penicillin as it is gram positive

86
Q

How is swine pox spread and how can it be treated?

A

Suckling lice and need to use ivermectin to treat

87
Q

What is an important differential diagnosis for parakeratosis?

A

Scabies

88
Q

What disease looks similar to many reportable vesicular disease due to vesicles and erosions on mucocutaneous junctions, but is not reportable?

A

Senecavirus A Disease

89
Q

What age group does Senecavirus A disease usually affect?

A

Sows and piglets

90
Q

Which reportable vesicular disease that occurs in swine can also affect horses?

A

Vesicular stomatitis

91
Q

How could you differentiate a pig with swine pox from a pig with a reportable vesicular disease?

A

Weals, papules and pustules targets haired skin whereas in reportable vesicular diseases, the mucocutaneous junctions are targeted

92
Q

What is considered the circovirus associated disease?

A

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)

93
Q

What are the clinical signs of PDNS? Why does this occur?

A

Raised, red, hemorrhagic, coalescing circular lesions on the ham and flank due to a Type III hypersensitivity

94
Q

In addition to skin lesions, what else does the porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome do the the pig? What about on histology?

A

It causes thrombi in the glomeruli of the kidney leading to a necrotizing vasculititis glomerular lesions on histopathology

95
Q

Which porcine skin disease can cause a pig to be very sick and febrile?

A
  1. Erysipelas
  2. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
    3.
96
Q

What is an important differential diagnosis for Erysipelas?

A

Actinobacilus suis

97
Q

Which swine diseases can cause massive hemorrhage and cyanosis on the skin?

A

Any septic, systemic disease like salmonellosis and systemic e. coli

98
Q

These neonatal diarrheal diseases can be prevented via a vaccine that works by “feeding back” sows before gestation so they can build up antibodies against the infectious agent.

A
  1. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED)

2. Transmissable gastroenteritis (TGE)

99
Q

How can you differentiate between porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and transmissable gastroenteritis (TGE)?

A

Since they are essential clinically the same and cause high mortality/morbidity in suckling neonates, you have to remember that PED is a newer disease to the United states, while TGE has been around for awhile.

100
Q

A group of 1 week old piglets are very sick and many have already died. The owner reports that they have vomiting and diarrhea, but that the adults do not seem to be affected. What diseases are at the top of your differential list?

A
  1. PED: Porcine epidemic diarrhea

2. TGE: Transmissible gastroenteritis

101
Q

How could you tell if a piglet died of PED/TGE versus rotaviral enteritis?

A

You need to ask if the piglet was vomiting beforehand, as piglets with rotaviral enteritis do not vomit. On histology, TGE/PED and rotaviral enteritis look the same with atrophic villi in the small intestine, so will need to do PCR, ELISA or EM to tell the difference.

102
Q

What is a neonatal diarrheal disease that has a high mortality and likes to affect the jejunum? What about the spiral colon?

A

In the jejunum, clostridium perfringens type C is the infectious agent.
In the spiral colon, clostridium difficile is the infectious agent.

103
Q

You drive out to a farm and the pig farmer tells you that a bunch of his day old piglets suddenly died. You decide to do a necropsy and find that there is severely hemorrhagic necrotic small intestines with fibrin. Next, you send some samples to histology and it comes back with gram positive rods. What is this disease and how would you treat it the piglets that are still alive? What could you tell the farmer for future prevention?

A

Clostridium perfringens type C

Treat with penicillin/ampicillin and make sure the farmer knows that he can vaccinate the sows to prevent this from happening again.

104
Q

What is the virus that causes porcine epidemic diarrhea and transmissable gastroenteritis?

A

Coronavirus

105
Q

How does TGE/ PED cause atrophic villi in the small intestine?

A

It destroys mature enterocytes

106
Q

Why is it difficult to control and diagnose TGE/PED?

A

It is a coronavirus so it can survive up to a month in manure is it likes the cold. It also has a 24 hours incubation period, so can affect a whole barn in 3 weeks. Since the antigen moves through the body quickly, the window to detect it is short.

107
Q

How is the temperature that neonates are kept in important in relation to enteric colibacillosis?

A

E. coli attaches better to brush border cells in cold environments

108
Q

What type of diarrhea to neonates have with enteric colibacillosis and why?

A

Secretory diarrhea as the e. coli attaches to the brush border and then releases enterotoxins

109
Q

How would you diagnose enteric colibacillosis?

A
  1. Culture
  2. Histology
  3. Fecal pH often elevated
  4. Dilated loops of SI on necropsy
110
Q

How do you treat a neonate or weanling with enteric colibacillosis?

A

Oral Gentamycin or enrofloxcin…go paraenteral if you think there is sepsis

111
Q

How does septicemic colibacillosis cause rapid death?

A

This strain lacks pili and antigens that can colonize the gut, so it goes strait to the blood causing bacteremia

112
Q

What is the infectious agent of coccidiosis?

A

Isospora suis

113
Q

A 2 week old piglet presents to you with milky, yellow diarrhea. What are your top differentials?

A
  1. Coccidiosis

2. Clostridium dificile

114
Q

What is the diagnosis and treatment for isospora suis in neonates?

A

Diagnose with intestinal smear and fecal flotation.

Treat with toltrazuril

115
Q

What are the two strains of E. coli that can cause diarrhea in weanlings?

A
  1. Enterotoxigenic

2. Enteropathogenic

116
Q

Which strains of E. Coli can cause diarrhea in neonates and weanlings?

A

Enterotoxigenic aka Enteric colibacillosis

117
Q

If E. coli attaches and effaces the brush border of the small intestine, but doesn’t release toxins that do this, which strain is it? How common are these?

A

Enteropathogenic

Rare

118
Q

What strain of E. coli causes edema disease?

A

Enterotoxemia strains with the shiga like toxin

119
Q

What are the clinical signs of an enterotoxigenic e. coli infection in a neonate/weanling?

A
  1. Sudden death
  2. Lethargy
  3. Hypothermic
  4. Watery stool ( secretory diarrhea)
  5. Cyanosis
120
Q

You do a necropsy on a piglet that was weaned three days ago. You find a square shaped gastric infarct in the greater curvature of the stomach. What disease is this?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli infection

121
Q

How can you prevent enteric colibacillosis?

A

Vaccinate the gilts and sows

122
Q

Rectal strictures with resultant megacolon can be caused by a infection with ___________. How?

A

Salmonella causes end artery thrombosis leading to necrosis and rectal strictures.

123
Q

What are the two forms of salmonellosis?

A
  1. Septicemic

2. Intestinal

124
Q

Salmonella can cause pyrexia, but will only cause blood stained stool if it is in which form?

A

Intestinal

125
Q

Describe the difference in necropsy finding between the intestinal and speticemic forms of salmonellosis.

A

Septicemic: Multifocal, embolic hepatitis with a turkey egg kidney
Intestinal: Large intestinal fibrinous typhlocolitis

126
Q

Salmonella, brachyspira (Swine dysentery and Porcine colonic spirochetosis), and whipworms invade the _________ intestine, while E. coli and Lawsonia (PPE) invade the ________ intestine.

A

Large

Small

127
Q

Which disease that can give weaned pigs button ulcers? What are button ulcers?

A

Salmonellosis

Button ulcers are craters with raised rims in the intestines that occur with chronic infections

128
Q

A pig has a rectal stricture, what is on your differential list?

A
  1. Salmonellosis
  2. Rectal prolapse
  3. Severe diarrhea
  4. Mycotoxins
129
Q

What is on your differential list is a weaned pig presents to you with a fever and diarrhea?

A
  1. Salmonellosis

2. Classical swine fever

130
Q

Can you prevent salmonellosis with a vaccine?

A

Yes, but only for S. cholerasuis

131
Q

How can you diagnose salmonellosis in a pig other than on necropsy? ( 3)

A

Culture the:

  1. Lymph nodes
  2. Gut
  3. Liver
132
Q

What treatments should be employed in a salmonellosis case?

A

Give them NSAIDS and electrolytes for the pyrexia. Can’t give antibiotics in their feed because they are not eating.

133
Q

What causes porcine proliferative enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

134
Q

What part of the body does lawsonia intracellularis affect and what would you see on necropsy?

A

Distal small intestine causing necrotic ileitis

135
Q

What are the three presentations of porcine proliferative enteropathies? What is the most common?

A
  1. Proliferative ileitis -most common
  2. Hemorrhagic ileitis
  3. Necrotic ileitis
136
Q

A 70 lb weaner/grower pig presents with weight loss and non-bloody diarrhea. What is on your differential list?

A
  1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy-proliferative ileitis

2. Porcine colonic spirochetosis

137
Q

A 70 lbs weaner/grower pig presents with weight loss and bloody diarrhea, what is on your differential list?

A
  1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy-Hemorrhagic ileitis
  2. Swine dysentery
  3. Trichuris suis
  4. Classical swine fever
  5. Salmonella
138
Q

What diarrheal diseases in weaned pigs could you diagnose with a fecal PCR?

A
  1. Porcine proliferative enteropathy

2. Porcine colonic spirochetosis

139
Q

What bacteria can cause the necrotic ileitis form of porcine proliferative enteropathy?

A

Fusobacterium

140
Q

What presentation of porcine proliferative enteropathy usually affects just gilts?

A

Hemorrhagic ileitis

141
Q

What type of diarrhea is caused by lawsonia intracellularis?

A

Malabsorptive

142
Q

If you were trying to diagnose lawsonia intracullularis on histopath, what kind of stain would you need and why?

A

Since it is an intracellular pathogen, you would need to use a silver stain.

143
Q

You do a necropsy on a weaned pig who had weight loss and diarrhea. You observe thickened terminal ileum and colon. What is the likely pathogen?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

144
Q

What type of antibiotics will kill lawsonia intracellularis?

A

Macrolides and tetracyclines

145
Q

What is considered a slow fading diarrheal disease because it doesn’t involve rapid morality in weaned pigs?

A

Swine dysentery

146
Q

What do you need to diagnose swine dysentery? (3)

A
  1. A fresh carcass so that you can see superficial fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis that is sparing the small intestine
  2. Fresh smear with histology
  3. PCR of the colonic mucosa
147
Q

Can you use penicillin to treat swine dysentery or Porcine colonic spirochetosis? Why or why not?

A

Nope, they are caused by spirochetes that can only be killed with lincomycin, tylosin or tiamulin

148
Q

If a farmer wants to prevent swine dysentery, what should he do?

A

Empty manure pits, control rodents and restock with disease free pigs as it can be eradicated

149
Q

What is the main difference between swine dysentery and porcine colonic spirochetosis?

A

Swine dysentery pigs can have hemorrhagic mucoid diarrhea that turns into grey, black soupy stool with more mortality. Porcine colonic spirochetosis is more of an issue because it causes poor rate of gain and lost profit to the producers.

150
Q

A weaned pig presents with anorexia, weight loss and muccohemorrhagic diarrhea. You decide to do a fecal floatation you see mature worms. What is the disease and how do you treat?

A

Trichuris suis aka whipworms

Fenbendazole

151
Q

What diseases causes diarrhea and vomiting in weaned pigs?

A
  1. Porcine epidemic diarrhea

2. Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

152
Q

Does rotaviral enteritis cause mortality in weaned pigs?

A

No

153
Q

What would you see that is similar post mortem on a weaned pig with rotaviral enteritis, TGE or porcine epidemic diarrhea?

A

Villous tip blunting

154
Q

What part of the body do gastric ulcers affect most commonly?

A

Pars esophageal ( the nonglandular stomach)

155
Q

Does salmonella cause diarrhea in neonatal pigs?

A

No

156
Q

What are some porcine alimentary lesions you want to watch out for that are noninfectious?

A
  1. Gastric ulcers
  2. Gastric torsion
  3. Mycotoxins
157
Q

A sow is found dead with blood filled, think walled digestive tract. What is on your differential list and how would you differentiate?

A
  1. Gastric torsion
  2. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

Do a necropsy and ask if there was a feed change recently

158
Q

A pig is coughing and has decreased rate of gain. You do a necropsy and find milk spot liver. What is the disease?

A

Ascaris suum

159
Q

What is the main reason why finisher pigs commonly get gastric ulcers?

A

They are stressed and pushed to gain weight quickly

160
Q

A pig presents with vomiting, feed refusal and an enlarged vulva with a rectal prolapse. What is going on?

A

Mycotoxin in the feed, specifically the vomitoxin and zearalenon toxin

161
Q

What does the cytomegalovirus cause?

A

Inclusion body rhinitis in nursing pigs

162
Q

How would you diagnose inclusion body rhinitis?

A

Very large inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of nasal mucosa

163
Q

Which porcine respiratory diseases cause significant disease only in neonates?

A
  1. Respiratory coronavirus
  2. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
  3. Pseudorabies
  4. Atrophic rhinitis
  5. Inclusion Body Rhinitis
164
Q

Which porcine respiratory diseases actually have a viable treatment plan other than prevention or waiting it out?

A
  1. Enzootic Pneumonia
  2. Pleuropneumonia
  3. Pneumonic pasteurellosis
  4. Metastrongylus
165
Q

What causes enzootic pneumonia and how can it be treated?

A

Mycoplasma and can be treated with antibiotics that do not need a cell wall, so not penicillins.

166
Q

What causes pleuropneumonia and how can it be treated?

A

Actinobacillus and can be treated with systemic antibiotics that are not penicillin during an acute outbreak

167
Q

Which porcine respiratory diseases can cause slow weight gain and lead to economic loss?

A
  1. Atrophic Rhinitis
  2. Porcine Respiratory Disease complex
  3. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
  4. Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases ( PCAD)
  5. Enzootic Pneumonia
  6. Pleuropneumonia
  7. Pneumonic pasteurellosis
168
Q

How can you tell the difference on necropsy between pleuropneumonia and pneumonic pasteurellosis?

A

The lesions are different:

Pleuropneumonia- fibrinohemorrhagic pleuropneumonia

Pneumonic Pasteurellosis- suppurative bronchopneumonia

169
Q

What is the cause of clinical signs in atrophic rhinitis?

A

A toxigenic stain of Pasteurella multocida

170
Q

A weaning pig presents to you with snout deviation and is not growing very well. What is your first thought?

A

Atrophic Rhinitis

171
Q

How is atrophic rhinitis diagnosed?

A

Slaughter checks at the level of PM1/PM2 and then inspect the nasal bony scrolls and take nasal swab culture samples

172
Q

Which porcine respiratory diseases can be prevented or lessened in their clinical presentation with a vaccine?

A
  1. Atrophic rhinitis
  2. Swine Influenza?
  3. Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases
  4. Enzootic Pneumonia
  5. Pleuropneumonia
173
Q

What can cause the non progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?

A

B. bronchiseptica

174
Q

What factors make up porcine respiratory disease complex?

A
  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Bacteria
  3. Virus

All within the respiratory tract

175
Q

How can you differentiate between a complicated and an uncomplicated respiratory infection?

A

In an uncomplicated infection of just a virus, the lung would have diffuse pathology. In a complicated infection, the lungs would become stiff from inflammation with no localized areas of collapse or consolidation.

176
Q

Is porcine respiratory disease complex considered an uncomplicated or complicated respiratory infection?

A

Complicated

177
Q

What is the best way to diagnose the infectious agents that may be causing porcine respiratory disease complex?

A

Use a rope toy to collect salive in order to do PCR for:

  1. PCV2
  2. SIV
  3. M. hyopneumoniae
178
Q

What is the most economically important disease in the swine industry?

A

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Large Animal Medicine (9 decks)

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