Pigments and Minerals Flashcards
any coloring agents deposited, frequently as cytoplasmic inclusions or granules in cells and tissue
pigment
material that has color and can be seen without stains, can be normal or pathological
pigment in tissue section
three major groups of pigment
artifact, exogenous, endogenous
deposited in the tissue as a result of chemical action during processing, most commonly resulting from fixation
artifact pigments
normally lie on top of tissue, not within cells; so easily removable
artifact pigment
remove mercury artifact with (2)
iodine and hypo
remove formalin artifact with
alcoholic picric acid
remove chrome pigments with
water rinse
chrome pigments can be found in this solution
potassium dichromate
formed externally then taken into the body by various routes
exogenous pigments
black pigments usually seen in lungs and lymph nodes
anthracotic carbon pigments
anthracotic pigments can be demonstrated by
silver stains
magnesium silicate fibers found in people exposed to this
asbestos
sometimes inhaled asbestos fibers become coated with iron containing protein which can be demonstrated with
iron stain
tissue response of inhaled asbestos
mesothelioma
found in tattooed skin or surgeon tattooing
tattoo pigments
best way to see asbestos fibers
electron microscopy
stain for asbestos fibers
prussian blue FE stain
two types of endogenous pigments
hematogenous and nonhematogenous
pigments produced within the body tissues which can be derived from blood
hematogenous pigments
3 types of hematogenous pigments
hemoglobin, hemosiderin, bile pigments
found pathologically in areas of hemorrhage; a conjugated protein normally in RBC
hemoglobin
stains hemoglobin
eosin
large amounts seen in pathologies where there is an imbalance between production and destruction of RBCs (hemochromatosis)
hemosiderin
stains hemosiderin
prussian blue Fe stain
any obstruction in reduction of biliverdin leading to accumulation in the blood causing yellow color in skin
bile pigments
stains bile pigments
Halls stain
found in cases of hepatic or extrahepatic biliary obstruction
bile pigments
converts bile pigment to green biliverdin
Fouchet’s reagent
three types of non hematogenous pigment
melanin non lipid pigment, lipofuchsin, uric acid
present normally in skin and hair, but abnormally found in melanoma
melanin pigment
removed by 10% potassium permanganate followed by an oxalic acid rinse
melanin pigment
wear and tear pigment collecting in heart and liver, yellowish brown pigment usually found in older people
lipofuchsin
stains lipofuchsin (2)
oil red O or H&E
found in gout, water soluble so use alcoholic fixative
uric acid crystals
are bifringent under a polarizing microscop
uric acid crystals
stains uric acid crystals
silver stain
minerals commonly found (3)
iron, copper, calcium
main component in bones but can be abnormally deposited in kidneys, arteries ,etc
calcium
stains calcium (2)
von kossa (silver), alizarin red stain
stains iron
prussian blue iron staiin
found when iron storage in the body increases beyond normal limits
iron
demonstrates copper deposition in Wilson’s disease and chronic biliary disease
rhodanine
