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Opath 2 Midterms > pigmented lesions > Flashcards

pigmented lesions Flashcards

1
Q

are melanin-producing cells that have their embryologic origin in the neural crest that migrate to epithelial
surfaces where they reside among basal epithelial cells.

A

melanocytes

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2
Q

in what epithelial surface does melanocytes reside?

A

basal epithelial cells

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3
Q

granules of pigment that melanocytes produces

A

melanosomes

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4
Q

ABCDE of mole or melanoma

A

A - asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - evolving

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5
Q

one half of a mole does not match the other

A

asymmetry

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6
Q

the edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred. Normal moles are round or oval

A

border

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7
Q

the mole is not evenly colored. it may include shades of brown or black, or patches of pink, red, white or blue

A

color

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8
Q

the spot is larger than 6 mm across

less than .25in - benign

greater than .25in - malignant

A

diameter

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9
Q

the mole is changing in size, shape or color

A

evolving

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10
Q

what part of the melanocyte-keratinocyte unit transfers the melanin of melanocytes into the keratinocytes

A

dendritic processes

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11
Q

melanocytic lesion are physiologic or pathologic lesions?

A

physiologic lesions

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12
Q

linked to cigarette smoking, “smoker’s melanosis”

stimulation of melanocytes to produce more melanin

time and dose related

A

smoking-associated melanosis

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13
Q

most typically affected location of smoking associated melanosis

A

anterior labial gingiva

palate and buccal in pipe smoking

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14
Q

location of affected area in pipe smoking

A

palate and buccal mucosa

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15
Q

DD of smoking associated melanosis

A

diffuse melanoacanthoma

peutz-jeghers syndrome

addison’s disease

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16
Q

treatment of smoking-associated melanosis

A

smoking cessation

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17
Q

prognosis of SAM

A

biopsy if pigmentation shows irregularity or intense color

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18
Q

common oral pigmentation

A

melanotic macule

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19
Q

melanocytic nevi aka as

A

moles

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20
Q

presents as:
1. intraoral freckle
2. postinflammatory pigmentation
3. macules associated with systemic disease (peutz jeghers, bandler or addisons’s disease)

A

oral melanotic macule

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21
Q

systemic disease that needs to be considered if melanotic macules are seen in excess in oral and perioral distribution

A
  1. peutz-jeghers syndrome
  2. addison’s disease
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22
Q

systemic condition associated with OMM

peutz-jeghers syndrome

A

intestinal polyposis

autosomal-dominant inheritance

risk of cancer specifically intestinal cancer

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23
Q

systemic condition associated with OMM

addison’s disease

A

macules and diffuse bronzing

adrenal cortical insufficiency - weakness, hypotension, nausea, weight loss

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24
Q

systemic condition associated with OMM

laugier-hunziker syndrome

A

Oral, subungual, and skin macules

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25
Q

systemic condition associated with OMM

Bandler syndrome

A

Small intestine hemangiomas and mucocutaneous macules

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26
Q

gene mutation of peutz-jeghers syndrome

A

STK11/LKB1 located on chromosome 19

27
Q

gene mutation in peutz jeghers is usually found in ___ organ

A

small intestine (jejenum)

28
Q

adrenal cortical insufficiency

A

addison’s disease

29
Q

characterized by
melanin accumulation in basal keratinocytes and normal numbers of melanocytes

A

melanotic macule

30
Q

discrete melanin-pigmented
patches of skin that have irregular margins and a uniform
brown coloration.

A

Cafe-au-Lait Macules

31
Q

Individuals with six or more large café-au-lait macules should be suspected of
having?

A

neurofibromatosis (NF)

32
Q

oral lesions associated with cutaneous pigmented macuels

A

neurofibromatosis
neurofibromatosis of skin, oral mucosa, jaws
Cafe-au-Lait macules of skin
McCune-Albright syndrome
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
endocrine abnormalities

33
Q

collections of nevus cells that are
round or polygonal and are typically seen in a nested pattern

A

melanocytic nevus

34
Q

common acquired papular lesions that usually appear shortly after birth and throughout childhood.

A

melanocytic nevus

35
Q

most common location of melanocytic nevus

A

palate

36
Q

types of melanocytic nevus

A
  1. intramucosal nevus
  2. blue nevus
  3. compound nevus
  4. junctional nevus
37
Q

a subtype of melanocytic nevus that when cells are located in the epithelium–connective
tissue junction, it is called?

A

junctional nevus

38
Q

a subtype of melanocytic nevus when cells are located in connective tissue,

A

intramucosal nevus

39
Q

a subtype of melanocytic nevus when cells are
located in a combination of these zones

A

compound nevus

40
Q

a subtype of melanocytic nevus when cells are
spindle shaped and are found deep in the connective tissue

A

blue nevus

41
Q

most commonly seen subtype of melanocytic nevus

A

intramucosal nevi

42
Q

second most commonly seen subtype of melanocytic nevus

A

blue nevus

43
Q

rarely seen subtyope of melanocytic nevus

A

compound and junctional nevi

44
Q

treatment of melanocytic nevus

A

needs to be differentiated from melanoma

suspected nevi should be biopsied

all suspected oral nevi should be excised.

45
Q

a lesion that ot has a high incidence in japan

A

oral melanoma

46
Q

high risk sites of oral melanoma

A

palate and gingiva, more than 70% of case

47
Q

subtype of melanoma

connective tissue invasion without junctional phase

poor prognosis

A

invasive melanoma

48
Q

subtype of melanoma

prolonged preinvasive junctional phase

poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis and undertreatment

A

melanoma in situ

49
Q

exhibit abnormal expression of
adhesion molecules, a phenotype that would contribute to
the process of invasion

A

melanoma

50
Q

in amelanotic melanoma,
Three reliable antibodies that react with proteins expressed by melanoma are

A

HMB45
melan-A (MART-1)
anti-S-100 protein

51
Q

treatment for melanoma

A

chemotheraphy, surgical excision

52
Q

prognosis of melanoma

A

depends on

histological subtype
depth of invasion
metastasis

53
Q

survival rate of melanoma

A

20% after 5 years

54
Q

gene mutation of melanoma

if familial

A

p16
p14
CDK4
MC1R

55
Q

gene mutation of melanoma

if sporatic

A

BRAF or N-RAS

56
Q

BRAF gene may also be found in ___ lesion

A

ameloblastoma

57
Q

Melanin found within surrounding basal keratinocytes and sub adjacent connective tissue macrophages is termed as?

A

Melanophages

58
Q

In addisons disease, overproduction of __ and __ results in stimulation of melanocytes, leading to diffuse pigmentation of the skin

A

ACTH and MSH

Adenocorticotropic hormone

Y-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

59
Q

(melanin present within connective tissue macrophages) is typically seen within the lamina propria.

A

Melanophagocytosis

60
Q

Characterized by melanin accumulation in basal keratinocytes and normal numbers of melanocytes

A

Melanotic macules

61
Q

embryologic origin of melanin

A

neural crest cells

62
Q

Predominantly in any mucosal surface and vermillion of the lips

A

Melanotic macule

63
Q

Common location of melanocytic nevus

A

Palate

Opath 2 Midterms (6 decks)

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