Pig Part B (Endocrine and Respiratory Systems)

Question 1

Define hormone

Answer 1

A chemical released in 1 part of the body and affects cells of a different part of the body, a “messenger”

Question 2

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

To deliver “messages” throughout the body

Question 3

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Answer 3

Exocrine: releases secretions through ducts.
Endocrine: releases secretions through the bloodstream

Question 4

Give 1 example of an exocrine gland

Answer 4

Sweat glands, tear glands, digestives juices being released from various glands

Question 5

Hypothalamus

Answer 5

Controls the secretions of the pituitary gland

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

Makes hormones that controls the function of other endocrine glands; called “the master gland; releases 9 hormones; smaller than the tip of little finger

Question 7

Parathyroid glands

Answer 7

Releases parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the body

Question 8

Thymus

Answer 8

Releases thymosin (stimulates T cell production for immune system)

Question 9

Adrenal glands

Answer 9

Releases epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress (“fight or flight”).

Question 10

Pineal gland

Answer 10

Releases melatonin, which regulates our daily sleep/wake cycle. Melatonin makes us sleepy!

Question 11

Thyroid

Answer 11

Produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism
(made up of the amino acid tyrosine and also iodine),

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

Releases insulin and glucagon, which both regulate blood sugar levels.
Clusters of cells called beta cells and alpha cells release these hormones (beta cells secrete insulin; alpha cells secrete glucagon).

Question 13

Ovaries

Answer 13

Produces estrogen (responsible for egg development and the formation of the physical characteristics associated with puberty) and progesterone (prepares uterus for pregnancy)

Question 14

Testes

Answer 14

Produces testosterone (sperm production and the formation of the physical characteristics associated with puberty)

Question 15

Which gland is considered part of both the endocrine and digestive systems?

Answer 15

pancreas

Question 16

Explain how the pancreas maintains homeostasis.

Answer 16

When blood sugar levels are too high, the pancreas secretes insulin. Insulin stimulates liver and muscles to store excess glucose as glycogen. When blood sugar levels are too low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon stimulates liver and muscles to break down glycogen and release glucose back into the blood.

Question 17

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 17

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air and tissues.

Question 18

Nose and mouth

Answer 18

Warms, moistens and filters the air we breathe in.

Question 19

Epiglottis

Answer 19

Covers the entrance to the trachea when we are swallowing

Question 20

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 20

Passageway for food and air

Question 21

Larynx (voicebox)

Answer 21

Muscles pull vocal cords together and air moving between them produces sound

Question 22

Trachea (windpipe)

Answer 22

Connects larynx to bronchi; has cells with cilia (“hairs”) to filter air

Question 23

Lungs

Answer 23

Made up of many tiny air sacs that are lined with capillaries for gas exchange with the blood

Question 24

Bronchioles

Answer 24

Leads into the lungs from the trachea; branches out until it reaches alveoli

Question 25

Diaphragm

Answer 25

Large, flat, thin muscle that is between heart and liver and is involved in breathing.

Question 26

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 26

Between capillaries and the alveoli (air sacs), which are grouped into clusters that look like grapes; a delicate network of thin-walled capillaries surrounds each alveolus.

Question 27

Explain how the diaphragm moves when we inhale and exhale.

Answer 27

When we inhale, the diaphragm moves down to open up the chest cavity; the rib cage rises. When we exhale, the diaphragm moves up to push air out of the lungs; rib cage lowers.