Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pigs > Pig Neonatal Disease > Flashcards

Pig Neonatal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 common neonatal diseases

A 
Enteric colibacillosis
Clostridia perfringens (type A)
Clostridial enteritis Type C
PRRS
PED (porcine endemic d+)
Rotavirus
Colisepticemia
Coccidiosis
Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the common diseases have villous atrophy?

A

PED, rotavirus, coccidiosis, clostridial enteritis (C) & clostridial perfringens (A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which disease do you see 10 day scour?

A

coccidiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CS of enteric colibacilosis?

A 
watery diarrhea (clear)
onset 12 hr -> 4 days
piglets w/ hunched backs, drooping tails, dehydration, fluid filled intestines, metabolic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long are maternal antibodies for enteric colibacilosis?

A

14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is enteric colibacilosis spread?

A

Feces, carriers, in dust/pen/furniture for months

fomite spread and in pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PM findings of enteric colibacilosis?

A

dehydrated carcass, congested liver, clear fluid in SI, villi intact, E. coli isolated if profuse pure culture from SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dx of enteric colibacilosis?

A

CS (watery diarrhea 12hr-4d)
death from dehydration
INTACT VILLI
Isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli in SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx of enteric colibacilosis?

A

Abx (oral or parenteral) - spectinomycin, trimethoprim sulphadiazine, Amoxy/clav, Colistin

Support w/ heat, fluid orally

Good prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Control of enteric colibacilosis?

A

Vaccination (sow) -6 & 3 weeks pre-partum
Colostrum
Hygiene
Warmth
Breeding stock w/ inherent resistance (esp to K88)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how long until a pig dies from colisepticemia?

A

12 - 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CS of colisepticemia?

A 
initial pyrexia then decrease to hypothermia
raised hair coat
coma
convulsions
death w/in 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much colostrum to piglets need to drink, and by when? (best to help prevent disease)

A

minimum 100 ml w/in 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CS of rotavirus?

A

fluid/creamy diarrhea - yellow w/ milk floccules
(then loose yellow diarrhea 7-14d after)
depression, anorexia, reluctance to move
vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spread of rotavirus?

A

Feces, fomites, water, rodents, man, sow feces @ farrowing

Strain A early in life, then B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DX of rotavirus?

A 
CS @ 7-14d
most of litter affected
creamy feces, villous atrophy
Demonstrate roatvirus by: Latex agglutination, EM, ELISA, PCR
Sending whole piglet to lab is ideal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tx for rotavirus?

A 
nothing specific
Abx
Fluids
Vaccination (not available in UK - and ineffective b/c virus changes)
Feedback!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is feedback?

A

exposing sows to piglet/farrowing material (feces, placenta, etc) - give to dry sows then they get exposure to it beforehand

Done under license in UK!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main cause of coccidiosis?

A

Isospora suis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spread/infection of coccidiosis?

A

Oocysts in piglet feces -> sporulate -> on pen, soil, sow’s udder, etc. [oral infection]

no colostral protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

You see pigs with creamy/watery diarrhea with necrotic material - peaking @ days 10-14, it resolves by weaning, they are dehydrated, and losing condition. What do they have?

A

Coccidiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dx of coccidiosis?

A
  • CS
  • Fecal sample - d+ from 2-3 weeks of life are best, combine litter samples (min 10)
  • Poor abx response
  • villous atrophy
  • direct smears of mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of coccidiosis?

A

Abx - Trimethoprime sulphonamide orally @ onset, then injection w/ it @ days 4, 5, 6
Fluid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Control of coccidiosis?

A

Toltrazuril prophylactically
Tx of sows w/ coccidiostat (not registered)
Slatted floors
Hygiene
Outdoor herds, all in - all out management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of toxin for Clostridial enteritis type C?
Beta toxin | FATAL
26
What can increase risk of getting clostridial enteritis?
Not getting colostrum, getting colostrum w/ no maternal Ab, the colostral Ab has declined and no active immunity, Milk withdrawn (trypsin gone), Disruption of gut wall & no immune protection
27
what age does clostridial enteritis affect most?
under 7 days old
28
CS of clostridial enteritis?
bloody diarrhea, sudden death | mildy affected = loss of condition & diarrhea w/ necrotic material
29
Which bacteria toxin flourishes when no trypsin or Ab present?
Clostridia perfringens type C, beta toxin (clostridial enteritis)
30
Transmission/Infection of clostridial enteritis (type C)?
Infection w/ spores or vegetative organisms | Present in farrowing house or soil, +/- sow feces, occur in non-immune litters
31
Dx of clostridial enteritis type C?
``` bloody diarrhea high mortality Red intestines on PM Isolation of Clostridia perfringens in smears or culture Beta toxin found on ELISA or PCR ```
32
Tx of clostridial enteritis?
Can't tx when clinical disease seen, because damage already done to villi Can use Abx (amoxi) prophylactically
33
Control of clostridial enertitis type C?
Oral amoxi | Vaccination - toxoid / killed culture to sows (6 & 3 weeks pre partum)
34
Which neonatal diseases have vaccinations? (5)
``` Clostridial enteritis (type C) Clostridial perfringens (type A) Enteric colibacilosis PRRS PED (but limited success) ```
35
CS of clostridial perfringens type A?
``` looks like mild type C infection Death uncommon Creamy/pink diarrhea Dull sunken flanks CONDITION LOSS ```
36
What kind of toxin for clostridial perfringens type A?
alpha toxin
37
Dx of clostridial perfringens type A?
CS (especially absence of bloody diarrhea and low mortality) congested SI w/ necrosis of mucosa and no blood in contents Isolation of clostridial perfringens type A only!
38
Tx of clostridial perfringens tpe A
Parenteral penicillins Oral amoxi Hygiene Oral electrolytes
39
Control of clostridial perfringens type A?
Vaccination - sow (and into colostrum) - though no licensed in the UK
40
Most common type of salmonella for piglets?
salmonella typhimurium
41
CS of salmonellosis?
2-3 pigs / litter some may day but most stunted growth pyrexia brown diarrhea w/ necrotic material
42
Dx of salmonellosis?
Salmonella isolated in profuse culture
43
Dx of PRRS?
``` ABSENCE OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES transient decrease in WBC CS Gross lesions Intestinal pneumonitis Demonstration of virus in tissue Virus isolation Serology - 3 weeks later to allow for seroconversion ```
44
What kind of virus is PRRS?
RNA arterivirus
45
How does PRRS affect weaners/growers vs sows?
``` Weaners/growers = Increased RR Sows = reproductive disruption (increased stillbirths, returns to estrus) ```
46
CS of PRRS?
Labored breathing during acute breakdown (in piglets and non-immune) No CS in high health herds Pyrexia, weakness, splay legs (immature muscle fibers) Cyanosis or flushing (BLUE EAR) Raised RR (young) Eyelid/facial edema Secondary diseases
47
Transmission / infection of PRRS?
Respiratory route or contact [can spread in wind up to 3km] Semen Placental in some cases
48
Pathogenesis of infection of PRRS?
``` viremia alveolar macrophage destruction cytokines cause vascular lesions interstitial pneumonitis onset governed by maternal Ab ```
49
PM findings for PRRS
``` Anterior lobe rubbery pneumonia excess pleural and pericardial fluid enlarged LN No alveolar macrophages Proliferative interstitial pneumonia ```
50
Control of PRRS?
Isolation [can spread in wind up to 3km] Purchase seronegative pigs Maternal Ab 4-5 weeks Three site production! (remove them from a site where they can get it) Vaccination - live attenuated (best), killed control 2ndry infections
51
What kind of virus causes PED?
Corona virus
52
where is PED endemic?
USA (NA), and Hawaii, Europe
53
CS of PED (acute cases)
``` Fluid yellow diarrhea (SEVERE, rapid spread - fetid and flocculent) +/- vomiting severe dehydration 100% mortality in pigs < 7 days 3% mortality in weaned pigs ```
54
CS of PED (less acute cases)
Decreased severity vs acute cases Still fluid yellow diarrhea less vomiting Only slight scour in older pigs (> 6 weeks) reduced appetite, reduced performance after infection
55
Transmission / spread of PED?
Scour is HIGHLY infectious virus survives 4 weeks in slurry Spread via people, vehicles, fomites, manure, animal movements, aerosol, or feed -Disease is possible in piglets from immune sows
56
Dx of PED?
PM of piglets = distended, fluid filled, THIN WALLED loops of gut Histopath shows villous atrophy IHC Real-time PCR to confirm
57
Tx of PED?
Supportive (clean, dry, warm) Electrolytes +/- Abx Euthanize severe cases
58
Pathogenesis of PED?
``` Incubation period ~24 hours virus destroys mature enterocytes villus atrophy and fusion dehydration Shed in feces for 35 days Stimulates good CMI and adults become immune temporarily after recovery (but only for ~4 mos, then susceptible again) ```
59
Control of PED?
Biosecurity! Stop use of SDPP (spray dried plasma proteins) Closed herd for 90days minimum Used controlled exposure (feedback) to all sows, gilts, maidens (using piglet scour) Vx limited success Hygiene!!
60
What two diseases are feedback suggested for control?
Rotavirus and PED
61
What is good sampling practice (to send to lab) for neonatal disease?
Entire carcasses are best (freshly dead or ones that look like they are coming down with the disease) PM for tissues to lab should be carried out where entire isn't possible Fecal samples & swabs are last resort!
62
What is target pre-weaning piglet mortality for an average farm? and at what percentage should you intervene?
< 10% = target | > 13% = intervene
63
What is weaning weight target, and when should you intervene? (kg)
``` Target = 8kg Intervention = 6.5kg ```

Pigs (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions