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Pigs > Pig Enteric Disease: Post-weaning > Flashcards

Pig Enteric Disease: Post-weaning Flashcards

1
Q

Name 8 common post-weaning enteric diseases.

A 
Post-weaning E. coli enteritis
Edema disease
Salmonellosis
Proliferative enteropathy
Swine dysentery
Spirochaetal diarrhea
Colitis
Gastric Ulceration
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2
Q

When are you most likely to see post-weaning e. coli diarrhea?

A

1-3/5 days post weaning

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3
Q

What is the pathogenesis of e. coli diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxogenic E. coli (F4 / K88)

Bacteria adhere to brush border of SI, produce LT enterotoxin - Na and Cl ions into lumen of gut, diarrhea occurs

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4
Q

CS of enterotoxigenic e. coli diarrhea?

A 
Diarrhea (1-5 days post weaning)
Dehydration
Rough hair coat
Watery brown diarrhea
Inconsistent fever (pretty much afebrile)
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5
Q

What are the 2 outcomes of enterotoxigenic e. coli diarrhea?

A

1) Die of dehydration

2) Recover w/ some reduction in growth rate (remain stunted)

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6
Q

Transmission of post-weaning e. coli diarrhea?

A

Fecal- oral transmission
Fomites or carriers
Persists in buildings
Seen in successive litters

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7
Q

Dx of post-weaning e. coli?

A

CS (1-5d post weaning), watery nature of diarrhea, Afebrile
PM changes only in SI
Demonstration of enterotoxigenic E. coli in diarrhea or SI

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8
Q

Tx of post-weaning e. coli?

A

Water medication w/ Trimethoprim Sulphonamide, Amoxycillin, Neomycin, Ampramycin, or Colistin
Warmth, hygiene

Feed medication not as satisfactory, b/c might not eat much b/c feeling sick

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9
Q

Prevention of post-weaning e. coli?

A

Zinc oxide in water for 1 week post-weaning and feed for 2 weeks post-weaning

-Ensure highly digestible diets b/c it may suppress appetite

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10
Q

Cause of edema disease?

A

Verocytogenic E. coli

shiga and vero toxins

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11
Q

when do you usually see Edema disease?

A

7-10 days after weaning (or after dietary change)

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12
Q

CS of Edema disease?

A

7-10 days after weaning
NO DIARRHEA
ataxia, squeaky voice, head pressing, blindness
Progresses to recumbency, paddling, coma & paralysis
EDEMATOUS FOREHEAD AND EYES

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13
Q

PM findings for Edema disease?

A

Edema of: Forehead, Large bowel and mesentery, Greater curvature of the stomach, +/- tissues / enteritis

Degeneration of media of arterioles, increased perivascular space in brain

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14
Q

Dx of Edema disease?

A

CS (edema, squeaky voice, nervous signs)
Multiplex PCR
Edema in carcass + spaces around cerebral arterioles
Isolation of shigatoxin 2e = confirmation

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15
Q

Tx for Edema disease?

A

Abx in water - group
(won’t help already infected animals)
If animal isn’t eating/drinking/standing w/in 3 days = euthanize

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16
Q

Prevention of Edema disease?

A 
prevent entry by isolation
Decrease stress
Gradual dietary changes
Solid > liquid feed
Reduce crude protein, increase fiber
Feed medication over period of risk
Genetically resistant pigs
Vaccine (Eco Porc Shiga)
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17
Q

What causes proliferative enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of proliferative enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis - obligate intracellular bacteria
Oral infection - invades epithelial cells of the crypts of SI via endocyte vacuole formation
Crypts infected!
Capillaries burst @ crypts

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19
Q

CS of proliferative enteropathy?

A

Pale, stunted (poor growth), anemia, +/- melena, grey “COW PAT” FECES
Can occur from weaning to adulthood

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20
Q

What disease can occur as a result of proliferative enteropathy?

A

Proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis

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21
Q

What is another name for proliferative enteropathy?

A

intestinal adenomatosis

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22
Q

PM findings for Proliferative Enteropathy?

A

Pale pigs, carcass poor condition
Thickened & pale terminal ileum (“hosepipe effect”)
Bloot clots in lumen of intestines (w/ PHE), polyps
In regional ileitis = mucosa is eroded w/ muscular hypertrophy

23
Q

Dx for proliferative enteropathy?

A

over 6 weeks of age
CS (melena, pale)
PM - (thickened terminal ileum or cecal mucosa, polyps, necrosis, or muscular hypertrophy / blood clots)
PCR
Culture (takes a few weeks)
Blood - ELISA (use this for control - to see when seroconvert)
SILVER STAINING OF TISSUE

24
Q

Tx of proliferative enteropathy?

A

Tetracycline or Tiamulin (in water for 4-5days, feed for 10d - 3weeks)
Also use tylosin, valnemulin, and aivlosin in feed

25
Q

Prevention of proliferative enteropathy?

A

Vaccine - live ORAL

“enterisol”

26
Q

What are the 3 salmonella serotypes that affect pigs?

A

Typhimurium (most common), derby, choleraesuis

27
Q

What is a public health concern with some serotypes of salmonella?

A

Zoonosis

28
Q

Route of infection w/ salmonella?

A

oral

29
Q

CS of salmonellosis?

A

Any age
Bloody diarrhea (often foul smelling, w/ necrotic tissue)
Pyrexia
+/- death (infrequent, if septicemic)
NECROTIC EAR TIPS (microthrombi and necrosis)
RECTAL STRICTURE syndrome, occurs later

30
Q

Transmission / spread of salmonella?

A

Shed in feces, resist drying
oral infection
Enter by breeding stock, feed, fomites, vectors

31
Q

Where in the body is Salmonella carried?

A

Tonsils and cecum (terminal ileum)

32
Q

Tx of salmonellosis?

A

Parenteral abx w/ Amoxi clav, Trimethoprim sulphonamide, Neomycin, Apramycin, or Fluoroquinolones
or water / feed medication w/ those

33
Q

Dx of Salmonellosis?

A

CS (fever, wasting, bloody diarrhea w/ necrotic material)
Ear tip necrosis
rectal stricture syndrome
Isolation of salmonella
Meat juice ELISA in abbatoir (currently suspended)

34
Q

Control / Prevention of Salmonellosis?

A

1) Hygiene
2) all-in, all-out housing and disinfection
3) Purchase salmonella free stock
4) Vaccination (under cascade)
5) Exclude birds and flies (vector spread)
6) Meal feed > liquid feed > pelleted feed [meal feeds have less substrate to offer salmonella, and tend to be acidic which promotes salmonella death]
7) Tx cases and cull chronically affected animals
8) All farms should have salmonella control plans

35
Q

What bacteria causes swine dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

36
Q

CS of swine dysentery?

A

Blood AND mucus on feces (mucohemorrhagic)
Slow spread from pen to pen (1/4 mortality)
Thin body [chronic loss of condition]
NO FEVER
1/4 of pigs die

37
Q

Pathogenesis of Swine Dysentery?

A

Oral infection
LI mucosa
Multiply in crypts and invade goblet & epithelial cells
Inflammatory response - loss of tissue, blood, no resorprtion of Na / Cl ions

38
Q

What is the main reason for death in pigs w/ swine dysentery?

A

Metabolic acidosis

39
Q

Spread of swine dysentery?

A

Carrier pigs or fomites
Spreads on drainage lines on farm
Inactivated by UV light and heat, survives in feces and water
Can infect mice

40
Q

Dx Swine dysentery?

A

Blood and mucus in diarrhea
Loss of condition
PCR testing of feces / intestinal contents
Isolate B. hyodysenteriae to confirm

41
Q

Which enteric diseases infect the SI?

A

Post-weaning E. coli
Edema disease
Proliferative enteropathy
Salmonella

42
Q

Which enteric diseases infect the LI?

A

Swine dysentery

Spirochaetal diarrhea

43
Q

Tx of swine dysentery?

A

Tiamulin, valnemulin, aivlosin, and lincomycin
Parenteral in severe pigs, water/feed for groups
Tx all pigs in drainage contact
Disinfect after treatment

44
Q

Control of swine dysentery? (not talking about elimination)

A 
Continue meds @ low levels after tx
Slats and solid partitions
Tx batches into clean accomodation
Eradicate by depopulation or medication
Isolation prevents entry
45
Q

Elimination of swine dysentery?

A 
Full or partial depopulation
Partial depopulation (remove all pigs weaned up to 10 months - and medicate remaining sucklers and breeders @ high levels)
Biosecurity
Get population w/ stable immunity
Wash and disinfect unit thoroughly
Rodent and Bird control
46
Q

How is spirochaetal diarrhea different vs. swine dysentery?

A

Spirochaetal = caused by Bronchospira pilosicoli (or intermedia), no deaths, rare to find blood in feces

Swine dysentery = caused by Bronchospira hydyosenteriae, 1/4 pigs die, blood and mucus in feces

47
Q

What age pig (category) do you usually see gastric ulceration and what is a risk factor?

A

Growers and finishers on finely ground rations

other risk factors:
high wheat diet (>55%)

48
Q

CS of gastric ulceration?

A

Pale and sometimes abdominal pain (can be severe)
+/- melena
hypothermic

49
Q

PM findings for gastric ulcerations?

A

Pale carcass
ulcerations in pars esophagus (early lesions = roughening of pars esophagus)
blood clots in stomach
altered blood in gut, mucosa normal

50
Q

Tx for gastric ulcers?

A

Decrease stress!
no specific tx
Decrease wheat content of diet, increase feed particle size, provide dietary fiber

51
Q

Which diseases can you carry out serology?

A

Salmonellosis or Lawsonia (proliferative enteropathy)

52
Q

When you can’t give the whole pig for sampling (or clinical picture doesn’t justify it), what type of samples would be preferred next?

A

pooled fecal samples for PCR and culture

?

53
Q

Why do you never seen elephants hiding in trees?

A

Because they’re so good at it

Pigs (12 decks)

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