Pig GIT

Question 1

Pig GIT

Answer 1

-simple monogastric
-caudal fermentation- enlarged cecum and large intestines into fermentation chamber
-spiral ascending colon

Question 2

Stomach positioning

Answer 2

-fully distended stomach will reach abdominal floor
-omentum similar to dog but much smaller and does not cover intestines

Question 3

Stomach compartments

Answer 3

-non-glandular mucosa
-glandular mucosa (includes body, fundus, and pylorus)

Question 4

What separates the two compartments of the stomach?

Answer 4

-separated by a thick border called margo plicatus

Question 5

Divisions of glandular region of pig stomach

Answer 5

1.cardiac gland region
2.gastric gland region
3.pyloric gland region
**discernable by colour

Question 6

Fundus of pig

Answer 6

-has dorsal diverticulum
-mucus (cardiac) gland region

Question 7

Cardia of pig stomach

Answer 7

-region around esophageal opening

Question 8

Body of pig stomach

Answer 8

-proper gastric glands

Question 9

Pyloric part of pig stomach

Answer 9

-mucus (pyloric) gland region
-includes torus pyloricus

Question 10

Non-glandular portion of stomach

Answer 10

-no glands for mucous production and therefore there is a lack of protection
-area is prone to stomach ulcers

Question 11

Torus pyloricus

Answer 11

-present in both pigs and ruminants
-slightly thicker piece of tissue (circular muscle) at end of lesser curvature facing lumen of pyloric region
-also formed by fat and mucosa

Question 12

Cecum positioning

Answer 12

-located on left side in pigs

Question 13

Order of pig intestines

Answer 13

-cecum
-ascending spiral colon
>proximal, apex, distal
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-rectum

Question 14

Visualizing parts of ascending colon (spiral colon)

Answer 14

-Proximal part=outer spirals;spirals down
-Apex= where turns change from inward to outward
-Distal part=inner spirals; spirals up

Question 15

Ascending colon

Answer 15

-sacculated
-cecum: 3 bands/teniae
-centripedal coils: 2 bands/teniae (going down/outside)
-centrifugal: going up middle

Question 16

Location of spiral colon

Answer 16

-cone on left face of great mesentery
-base attached to abdominal roof at kidneys/pancreas

Question 17

Spleen

Answer 17

-bright red
-elongated
-loose attachment
-around last 3-4 ribs (but depends on state of animal)
-extends below costal arch

Question 18

Ventral extremity of spleen

Answer 18

-most clinically important
-seems to trap bacteria

Question 19

African swine fever

Answer 19

-targets the spleen of pigs

Question 20

Pig liver

Answer 20

-positioned over the stomach
-6 lobes: right and left lateral, right and left medial, caudate lobe (only caudate process, no papillary process), Quadrate- small or non-existent
-thick fibrous tissue (makes needle biopsy impossible)

Question 21

Gallbladder in pig

Answer 21

-liver vessels/canals drain into the gallbladder
-can lead to gallbladder hemorrhage

Question 22

Parietal surface of liver

Answer 22

-esophageal notch, and the vena cava move through the pig liver

Question 23

Pig intestines role in fermentation

Answer 23

-mucosal folds are present in intestines (increases surface area)
-assist in fermentation
-similar to humans (evolved to not use fermentation, but this could be remnant)

Question 24

Pigs and humans

Answer 24

-similar GIT between pigs and humans
-possible that pig organs could be used as transplants for humans

Question 25

Ducts of the pig

Answer 25

-common hepatic duct (liver) and cystic duct (gallbladder) combine to form common bile duct
-common bile duct goes to descending duodenum at major duodenal papilla
-accessory pancreatic duct from pancreas to descending duodenum at minor duodenal papilla
**pigs and ox do not have pancreatic duct, only accessory

Question 26

Pancreas of pig

Answer 26

-has right and left lobes
-located by the descending duodenum and close to visceral surface of stomach

Question 27

Pig arteries of abdomen

Answer 27

-celiac artery
-cranial mesenteric artery
-hepatic artery
-left gastric artery
-splenic artery
-renal arteries (right and left)

Question 28

Pig lymph nodes of GIT

Answer 28

-jejunal lymph nodes (near intestinal attachment in pigs, whereas they are located near root of mesentery in dogs)
-ileocolic lymph nodes

Question 29

Peyer’s patches of pig ileum

Answer 29

-aggregated lymph nodes located along antimesenteric aspect