Dog digestive tract

Question 1

Peritoneum

Answer 1

-mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue (serosa)
-simple squamous epithelium

Question 2

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 2

-serosa lining the wall of abdominal, pelvic, and scrotal cavities

Question 3

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 3

-serosa covering organs suspended in abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 4

Connecting peritoneum

Answer 4

-double sheet of peritoneum connecting parietal and visceral peritoneum OR regions of visceral peritoneum (allows for hanging structures)
**often named by “meso-“

Question 5

Mesentery

Answer 5

-part of connecting peritoneum that attaches to the jejunum and ilium OR all of the connecting peritoneum supporting the intestine

Question 6

Greater omentum

Answer 6

-connecting peritoneum of stomach (extensions of mesogastrium)
-encloses potential space (where only small opening)
-helps seal intestine and allows it to heal if something sharp perforates stomach

Question 7

Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal

Answer 7

-retroperitoneal: behind peritoneal;outside against cavity wall
-intraperitoneal: within the peritoneal

Question 8

Functions of digestive system

Answer 8

-reception
-storage
-mechanical reduction
-chemical digestion
-absorption of food, drink
-elimination of unabsorbed residues

Question 9

Digestive tract

Answer 9

-mouth
-pharynx (oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine

Question 10

Glands of digestive tract

Answer 10

-salivary glands
-liver
-pancreas

Question 11

Digestive tract epithelium (lips through to esophagus and anal canal)

Answer 11

-stratified squamous
-includes keratinized and non-keratinized
>keratinized= hard palate, tongue, distal anal canal
>non-keratinized= lips, proximal anal gland
>both keratinized and non-keratinized= cheeks, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus

Question 12

Digestive tract epithelium (stomach, small intestine and large intestine)

Answer 12

-simple columnar

Question 13

Stomach tunica muscularis

Answer 13

-this layer has 3 layers in stomach
>longitudinal
>middle circular
>inner oblique

Question 14

Stomach mucosa

Answer 14

-can be divided into 3 glandular regions
1.cardiac gland region
2. gastric (fundic) gland region
3.pyloric gland region

Question 15

Cardiac gland region

Answer 15

-mucous glands with occasional parietal cells

Question 16

Gastric (fundic) gland region

Answer 16

-glands constructed mostly of parietal and chief cells

Question 17

Pyloric gland region

Answer 17

-mucous glands with interspersed parietal cells

Question 18

Parietal cells

Answer 18

-secrete HCl

Question 19

Chief Cells

Answer 19

-secrete pepsinogen

Question 20

Stomach structure

Answer 20

-esophagus enters at cardiac region, movement through body, and then into pyloric part
-has greater and lesser curvature where the greater and lesser omentum attaches
-angular incisure- fold between body and pyloric part

Question 21

Small intestine

Answer 21

-includes duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
-mucosal surface has many finger-like projections (villi)

Question 22

Small intestine tunica muscularis

Answer 22

-includes an outer longitudinal and inner circular layers

Question 23

Ilio-cecal fold

Answer 23

-fold between the ilium and cecum
*helps for identifying ilium (but note that it is very small in dog… can use vein instead)

Question 24

Ilium transition to colon

Answer 24

-opens into the colon at a T junction
-opening called ileal orifice

Question 25

Opening between small and large intestine (ascending colon)

Answer 25

-ileal ostium

Question 26

Opening between ascending colon and cecum

Answer 26

-cecocolic ostium

Question 27

Large intestine

Answer 27

-includes cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
-no villi

Question 28

Large intestine tunica muscularis

Answer 28

-outer longitudinal layer ends at anorectal junction
-inner circular layer continues into anal canal and terminates as internal anal sphincter

Question 29

Cutaneous zone of large intestine

Answer 29

-contains circumanal glands

Question 30

Abdominal Blood supply

Answer 30

1.celiac artery
2.cranial mesenteric artery
3.phrenicoabdominal arteries
4.renal arteries
5. ovarian/testicular arteries
6.caudal mesenteric artery
7. deep circumflex iliac arteries
8.external iliac arteries
9. internal iliac arteries

Question 31

Unpaired arteries of abdomen

Answer 31

-celiac artery
-cranial mesenteric artery
-caudal mesenteric artery
**will return to caudal vena cava through the portal vein, hepatic sinusoids, and hepatic veins

Question 32

Celiac Artery

Answer 32

-branches into:
>splenic artery (to spleen)
>Left gastric artery (to stomach)
>Hepatic Artery (to liver)

Question 33

Cranial mesenteric vs caudal mesenteric artery

Answer 33

-Comes off the abdominal aorta
>cranial mesenteric- supplies blood to majority of the intestines (except very start and very end)
>caudal mesenteric- supplies end of intestines and the rectum
Root of the mesentery in dog
-wraps around the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries

Question 34

Hepatic portal system

Answer 34

-blood from the stomach and intestines from unpaired arteries will return to the liver through the hepatic portal vein

Question 35

Veins included in portal vein

Answer 35

-gastroduodenal vein
-splenic vein
-cranial mesenteric vein
-caudal mesenteric vein

Question 36

Dog and cat liver lobes

Answer 36

-6 lobes:
>caudate (papillary and caudate processes)
>right lateral
>right medial
>quadrate
>left medial
>left lateral

Question 37

Ducts in dogs

Answer 37

-hepatic ducts (no coalescing into common hepatic duct) link to cystic duct which goes into bile duct and into the descending duodenum
-bile and pancreatic ducts open on the major duodenal papilla
-accessory pancreatic duct (larger than pancreatic duct in dogs) opens on minor duodenal papilla

Question 38

Gastric folds of stomach

Answer 38

called rugae