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Italian Wine - North > Piemonte > Flashcards

Piemonte Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the location of Piemonte p54

A

Most Northwest Italy

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2
Q

Piemonte is only smaller than which region p54

A

Sicily

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3
Q

What was the importance of Piemonte in the history of Italy p54

A

Leading role in the unification of Italy in the 19th century

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4
Q

How many different and unique grapes are there in Piemonte p54

A

More 20 different and unique grapes

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5
Q

Where are vineyards located in Piemonte p54

A

Mainly planted on hillsides

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6
Q

What is the size of land covered by vineyards in Piemonte p54

A

More than 45.000ha

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7
Q

How many DOCG are there in Piemonte p54

A

17 DOCGs

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8
Q

How many DOCs are there in Piemonte p54

A

42 DOCs

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9
Q

How many IGT are there in Piemonte p54

A

No IGT in Piemonte

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10
Q

Why does Piemonte stand out as a superior wine growing region p54

A

Only DOCGs and DOCs

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11
Q

What is the characteristic of the appellations of Piemonte as far as plant density p54

A

Some of the lowest average yields in Italy

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12
Q

What was the importance of Piemonte related to single vineyards p54

A

First region in Italy to highlight the importance of single vineyards

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13
Q

With which other region does Piemonte compete in terms of wine awards p54

A

Tuscany

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14
Q

Which grapes other than Nebbiolo have been put effort in for last decades in Piemonte p54

A

Barbera and Dolcetto

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15
Q

Which grapes other than Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto are important in Piemonte p59

A

Freisa, Brachetto, Grignolino and Ruchè

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16
Q

Is Piemonte considered a red or white wine country p54

A

Red wine

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17
Q

What is Piemonte’s approach to wine production p54

A

Conservative and traditional

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18
Q

Are there many international grape varieties in Piemonte p54

A

Insignificant presence of International grapes

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19
Q

Who were the first people to inhabit the Piemonte Region p55

A

Taurini and Salassi tribes

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20
Q

What was the importance of the Taurini and Salassi tribes in Piemonte p55

A

Cultivated grapevine in Piemonte

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21
Q

From whom the Taurini and Salassi have learned skills of grapevine cultivation p55

A

Etruscans

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22
Q

What was the importance of Celtic tribes in Piemonte p55

A

Merged with Taurini and Salassi and stood resistance to Rome

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23
Q

What are the main cities founded by the Romans in Piemonte p55

A

Ivrea, Asti, Alba, Novara and Vercelli

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24
Q

When did the Romans conquer Piemonte from the Celtics p55

A

Circa 100 BC

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25
Q

What happened with the arrival of the Lombards in te 6th century in Piemonte p55

A

Divided the region in duchies and counties

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26
Q

What happened with the conquer of the Lombards by the Charlemagne p55

A

Piemonte territory was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire

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27
Q

What was the importance of the Catholic Monks for the viticulture in Piemonte p55

A

Viticulture has flourished with the Catholic monks

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28
Q

Which cities and/or areas were most important during the middle ages for the viticulture in Piemonte p55

A

Asti (prestigious wine) and Monferrato (production centre)

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29
Q

When did politcal entities begin to regulate vineyards and harvest p55

A

Middle ages

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30
Q

When did nebbiolo and Moscato began to appear in official documents p56

A

Middle ages

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31
Q

Who did move the capital of house of Savoy to Torino p56

A

Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy

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32
Q

When did the House of Savoy acquire and found the King of Sardegna p56

A

18th century

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33
Q

When did the House of Savoy recovered the King of Sardegna after Napoleon’s defeat p56

A

In 1815

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34
Q

What happened under the leadership of Prime Minister of the King of sardegna Cavour p56

A

The Risorgimento movement

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35
Q

What was the result of the risorgimento movement p56

A

Unification of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861

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36
Q

When did institutions of enology, winemaking and grapevine appeared in Piemonte p56

A

In the second half of 19th century

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37
Q

What was the main crises in the viticulture sector in the 19th century p57

A

Oidium, Phylloxera and Downy mildew

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38
Q

When did the wine sector start to recover after world war II p57

A

1970s and 1980s

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39
Q

What is the meaning of the name Piemonte p57

A

Foot of the mountain

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40
Q

Which Southern mountain does surround Piemonte p57

A

Ligurian Apennines and Matitime Alps

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41
Q

Which Western and Northern mountains does surround Piemonte p57

A

The French Alps in the West and The Alps border of Valle D’Aosta and Switzerland in the North

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42
Q

What is the topography characteristic of Piemonte p57

A

Three concentrical rings

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43
Q

What is the external topographical rim consisted of p57

A

Alpine-Apenine mountain range

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44
Q

What is the middle topographical band consist of

A

Hilly zone

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45
Q

What is the percentage of Mountain in Piemonte p57

A

43%

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46
Q

What are the highest massifs in the Alps in the region p57

A

Gran Paradiso and Monte Rosa

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47
Q

What is the largest lake in Piemonte region p57

A

Lake Maggiore in the border with Lombardia

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48
Q

What is the percentage of hills in Piemonte p58

A

30%

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49
Q

What is the average altitude where vineyards are planted in the hills of Piemonte

A

150-400m

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50
Q

What is the mountain cluster in the provinces of Asti and Alessandria

A

Monferrato

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51
Q

What are the main hill clusters in the province of Cuneo p58

A

Langue and Roero

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52
Q

What is the percentage of flat plain in Piemonte

A

27%

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53
Q

Why is the plain area not considered good for wine growing in Piemonte

A

Too flat and too fertile

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54
Q

What is the most important river in Piemonte

A

Po river

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55
Q

What is the predominant climate in Piemonte

A

Continental

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56
Q

What measures are taken mainly in Langhe and Monferrato to avoid Hail stones p58

A

Hail connons are used to disrupt hail stones

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57
Q

What is the average annual temperature in most of winegroing districts in Piemonte p59

A

12 C

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58
Q

What does make temperature increase along side of the Ligurian border

A

The influence of the Ligurian sea

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59
Q

Wha is the rainfall regime in Piemonte p59

A

Limited due to the rain shadow effect by the Alps and Apenines

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60
Q

What are the most widely planted grape varietals in Piemonte p59

A

Barbera, Moscato Bianco, Dolcetto and Nebbiolo

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61
Q

What is the percentage of red grapes in Piemonte p59

A

Two thirds

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62
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Piemonte p59

A

Barbera

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63
Q

Which areas are most known for Barbera grapes in Piemonte p59

A

Provinces of Asti and Alessandria

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64
Q

Which areas is Dolcetto grape mainly found p59

A

Langhe, Southern hills of Monferrato, Aqui terme, Ovada and Tortona

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65
Q

What is the percentage of Nebbiolo grape in Piemonte p59

A

Less than 10%

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66
Q

Where are Nebbiolo based wine more prestigious in Piemonte p59

A

Barolo and Barbaresco appellations

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67
Q

Which areas other than Barolo and Barbaresco have Nebbiolo as primary variety in Piemonte p59

A

Langhe Nebbiolo, Nebbiolo D’alba, Roero, Gattinara, Ghemme and Carema

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68
Q

What is the second most widely planted variety in Piemonte p59

A

Moscato Bianco

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69
Q

Why is Moscato Bianco widely planted in Piemonte p59

A

Because of the popularity of Asti DOCG

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70
Q

What are the other main white grapes in Piemone p59

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce, Timorasso and Favorita (Vermentino)

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71
Q

What is the main international grape in Piemonte p60

A

Chardonnay (for sparkling wine)

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72
Q

Why did Barbera grape gain ground after phylloxera p60

A

Because its productivity and versatility

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73
Q

What are the main characteristics of Barbera wines p60

A

High acidity with deep color, fruity and low tannin

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74
Q

Why do wine growers like Dolcetto p61

A

Ripens earlier than Nebbiolo and Barbera and on cooler and higher sites. Early release is a source of income

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75
Q

What are the main characteristics of Dolcetto p61

A

Deep in color with black fruit aromas (ripe plum). Soft and round with low acid

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76
Q

Which grape variety is considered by many to be Italy’s most noble p61

A

Nebbiolo

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77
Q

When has Nebbiolo been first mentioned p61

A

13th century

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78
Q

What is the origin of the name Nebbiolo p61

A

Nebbia (Fog)

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79
Q

Why is Nebbiolo considered a challenging grape to grow p61

A

It is highly site sensitive behaving differently depending where it is grown

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80
Q

What is the main appearance characteristics of Nebbiolo based wines p61

A

Pale ruby-garnet in color turning orange with bottle age

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81
Q

What are the main perceived aromas of Nebbiolo based wines p61

A

Red cherry, rose, violet, tar and licorice

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82
Q

What do Nebbiolo based wines develop with maturity p61

A

Greater complexity, dried red fruit, withered rose petals, sweet spices, leather and truffles

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83
Q

How is the acidity, tannin and alcohol in Nebbiolo based wines p61

A

High level of acidity, tannin and alcohol

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84
Q

What are the four most significant Nebbiolo clones p61

A

Lampia (principal clone), Michet, Bolla, rosé

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85
Q

Where is Freisa grapes largely found in Piemonte p61

A

Near Asti and Torino

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86
Q

What are the characteristics of Freisa based wines p62

A

light-colored with high tannin and acidity with wild strawberries and raspberry

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87
Q

Which wine style do Freisa grapes produce p62

A

Dry or sweet, still, Frizzante and Spumante

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88
Q

What is the origin of the grape name Grignolino p62

A

Contains a high number of pips (Grignolino)

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89
Q

What are the characteristics of Grignolino based wines p62

A

Pale red (almost pink), flowers, red berry, pepper and herbs with high in tannin and acid

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90
Q

Where is Brachetto grapes mainly found p62

A

In the town of Acqui Terme in the province of Alessandria

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91
Q

What are the characteristics of Brachetto based wine p62

A

Aromatic red variety with best expression in sweet and sparkling wine, flora, strawberries and raspberry

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92
Q

Why is Pelaverga Piccolo grapes is also called Pelaverga di Verduno p62

A

It is only found around the town of Verduno in Langue

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93
Q

Where is Ruchè grapes mainly found

A

In the town of Castagnole in the Province of Asti

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94
Q

What are the characteristics of Pelaverga di Verduno based wines p62

A

Light , fruity and spicy with refreshing acidity

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95
Q

What are the characteristics of Ruchè di Castagnole based wines p62

A

Aromatic with aromas of rose, red fruit and spice

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96
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Piemonte p62

A

Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)

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97
Q

Which famous wine is produced with Moscato Bianco p62

A

Asti Spumante and dry Superior Moscato d’Asti

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98
Q

What are the characteristics of Moscato Bianco based wines p62

A

Floral and fruity aromas with honey, musk and spice notes

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99
Q

Where does Cortese usually come from p63

A

Gavi in the province of Alessandria

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100
Q

What are the viticulture characteristics of Cortese grapes p62

A

Very productive and requires restricted yields to balance its high acidity, body and fruit

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101
Q

Where is Arneis grapes native to p63

A

Roero hills

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102
Q

Who did save Arneis from extinction in the 1960s p63

A

Vietti and Bruno Giacosa

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103
Q

Where does the name Arneis come from p63

A

Arneis means difficult personality in the local dialect

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104
Q

Where is Erbaluce di Caluso grapes native to p63

A

Caluso town and Canavese district

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105
Q

Which type of wine is made with Erbaluce p63

A

Passitos

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106
Q

Where is Timorasso grapes most found in Piemonte p63

A

Tortona hills

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107
Q

Who did put Erbaluce grape back on the map in the 1980s after having nearly disapeared p63

A

Walter Massa

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108
Q

What is the percentage total production of red wine in Piemonte p64

A

More than 60%

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109
Q

What is the percentage of either DOC or DOCG wine production in Piemonte p64

A

Almost 90%

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110
Q

Where are vineyard largely concentrated in Piemonte p64

A

More than 80% from the Southern and Eastern part of the region

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111
Q

What are the two most important centers for wine production in Piemonte p64

A

Asti and Alba

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112
Q

What is the main profile of producers in Piemonte p64

A

Small producers (family estates with average 1-2ha each

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113
Q

Who did create Vermouth wine in 1786 in Torino p64

A

Antonio Benedetto Carpano

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114
Q

What are the four major sub-regions of Piemonte p66

A

Northern Piemonte, Western Piemonte or Torino Hills; Alba; Monferrato

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115
Q

What is the traditional sub-region for Nebbiolo p66

A

Alba

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116
Q

What are the two main Provinces in the Northern Piemonte Sub-regions

A

Novara and Vercelli

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117
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in the Sub-region Northern Piemonte p66

A

Nebbiolo (red) and Erbaluce (white)

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118
Q

How is the Sub Region Northern Piemonte often referred to p66

A

Alto Piemonte

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119
Q

How is Nebbiolo also called in Northern Piemonte sub-region p66

A

Spanna

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120
Q

What percentage of the Piemonte total production is produced in the sub-region Northern Piemonte p66

A

About 5% of the total production

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121
Q

What are the two wine district in the Northern Piemonte sub-region p66

A

Novara and Vercelli Hills and Canavese

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122
Q

What are the main DOCGs in Novara and Vercelli Hills p66

A

Gattinara in Vercelii and Ghemme in Novara

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123
Q

How many appellations are there in Novara and Vercelli Hills wine district p67

A

Seven appellations being two DOCGs

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124
Q

Which river does divide Vercelli province and Novara province in Northern Piemonte p66

A

Sesia river

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125
Q

What are the other two AOCs besides Grattinara DOCG in Vercelli p67

A

Bramaterra and Lessona

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126
Q

What are the other three AOCs besides Ghemme DOCG in Novara p67

A

Boca, Sizzano and Fara

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127
Q

What is the large AOC in the west Sesia River p67

A

Coste de La Sesia

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128
Q

What is the large AOC in east Sesia River p67

A

Colline Novaresi

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129
Q

What is the mais characteristic of the climate in Northern Piemonte sub-region p67

A

Mild and humid in the Po plain to south

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130
Q

What is the influence of Lake Maggiore in Northern Piemonte sub-region p67

A

Moderate the climate

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131
Q

What is the basic difference between Nebbiolo from North to south p67

A

More acid in the north because of the climate

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132
Q

What is the main challenge of growing Nebbiollo in Northern Piemonte p67

A

Late ripening in cool and high site is difficult to reach full ripeness

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133
Q

Which native grape is used to blend with Nebbiolo in Northern Piemonte p67

A

Vespolina, Croatina, Uva Rara (locally called Bonarda)

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134
Q

What is main training system in Norther Piemonte p67

A

Traditionally Pergola but now majority is Guyot system

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135
Q

What is the best and longest-lived expression of Nebbiolo in Northern Piemonte p67

A

Gattinara DOCG

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136
Q

When was Gattinara DOC elevated to DOCG p68

A

1990

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137
Q

What is the area of vineyards in Gattinara p68

A

Just 100ha

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138
Q

What is the minimum content of Nebbiolo grapes in Gattinara p68

A

90%

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139
Q

What are the other two grapes allowed to blend with Nebbiolo in Gattinara DOCG p69

A

Vespolina (max 4%) and Uva Rara

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140
Q

What is the minimum period of ageing time in Gattinara p69

A

35 months being 24 months in oak.

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141
Q

What is the minimum period of ageing time in Gattinara RISERVA p69

A

47 months being 36 months in oak

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142
Q

What is the longest bottle ageing wine in Northern Piemonte sub-region p69

A

Gattinara DOCG

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143
Q

What does make Gattinara DOCG be a long-lived wine p69

A

High tannin and acid levels

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144
Q

What is the difference between Nebbiolo from Gattinara and Langhe area p69

A

Higher acidity and lighter color and body

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145
Q

What is the typical profile of Nebbiolo from Gattinara p69

A

Violet, bright red berry fruit, tar, spices, forest floor and leather

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146
Q

Where is Ghemme DOCG located p69rqrq

A

Novara Province

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147
Q

When did Ghemme start recovering reputation by quality p69

A

After DOCG status in 1997

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148
Q

Which side of Sesia River is Ghemme DOCG located p69

A

East side of Sesia River

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149
Q

How big is the area under vine in Ghemme DOCG p69

A

50ha

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150
Q

What is legal requirement for altitude in Ghemme DOCG p69

A

220-400m asl

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151
Q

What is minimum percentage of Nebbiolo in DOCG p69

A

85%

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152
Q

What are the partner grapes to Nebbiolo in Ghemme DOCG p69

A

Vespolina and/or Uva Rara

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153
Q

What is the ageing required time for Ghemme DOCG p69

A

34 months being 18 in oak

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154
Q

What is the ageing required time for Ghemme DOCG RESERVA

A

46 months being 24 in oak

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155
Q

What is the difference of Ghemme Nebbiolo base wine and Nebbiolo from south p69

A

Higher Acidity and Tannin, lighter color and body

156
Q

What is the profile of Nebbiolo base wine in Ghemme DOCG p69

A

Violet, bright red berry fruit, Tar, spices, Forest floor and leather

157
Q

What is the profile difference between Ghemme and Gattinara DOCG p69

A

Ghemme is more austere and sturdy

158
Q

Where is Canavese wine district located p71

A

Just south of Vall d’Aosta and west of the Vercelli hills

159
Q

What is the main town in Canavese p71

A

Ivrea

160
Q

Which river does bisect the Canavese wine district p71

A

Dora Baltea River

161
Q

What is the most famous white wine in Canavese p71

A

Erbaluce passito from Caluso

162
Q

What is the the famous Nebbiolo based wint in Carema DOC p71

A

Vino di Montagna

163
Q

Where is Carema DOC located p71

A

Right on the border with Valle d’Aosta

164
Q

How does the climate at Carema DOC look like p71

A

Looks like Valle d’Aosta rather than the rest of Piemonte

165
Q

How does the soil consist of in Carema DOC p71

A

Glacial deposits over a sub-soil of metamorphic schist

166
Q

What is the average altitude in Carema DOC p71

A

300-700m asl

167
Q

Where are the vineyards normally planted in Carema DOC p71

A

On terraces craved out of the rocky and precipitous slopes of Mount Maletto

168
Q

What is the traditional training system in Carema DOC p71

A

Pergola system (Topia)

169
Q

What is grown along side the wine canopy in Carema DOC p71

A

Chestnuts

170
Q

What is the minimum content of Nebbiolo in Carema DOC p72

A

85%

171
Q

How many years must wines in Carema DOC age p72

A

two years being one year in oak

172
Q

How many years must RISERVA wines in Carema DOC age p72

A

Three years being one year in oak

173
Q

What is the characteristic of Carema DOC Nebbiolo based wine p72

A

Delicate perfume of rose and violet, high acidity, light body and mineral character

174
Q

Where is Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG located p72

A

South of Carema in Canavese district

175
Q

What is the characteristic of the soil of Erbaluce di Caluso between Ivrea and village of Caluso p72

A

Glacial moraine

176
Q

What the most important lakes at Erbaluce di Caruso DOCG p72

A

Lake Candia and Lake Viverone

177
Q

What is the percentage of Erbaluce in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG p72

A

100% Erbaluce

178
Q

What is the traditional training system at Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG p72

A

Pergola system

179
Q

Who is the acidity level of erbaluce di Caluso DOCG p72

A

High level of acidity

180
Q

How is the Passito made of at Erbaluce di Caluso p72

A

Air dried grapes

181
Q

What is the TRADITIONAL characteristics of Passito Erbaluce di DOCG p72

A

Amber in color, slightly oxidized and complex

182
Q

What is the MODERN characteristics of Passito Erbaluce di DOCG p72

A

Golden color, more delicate and fruity

183
Q

How long must Passito Erbaluce di Caluso age p72

A

Three years (Four years for Riserva)

184
Q

What are the most important hills in Alba sub region p74

A

Langhe and Roero hills

185
Q

In which province is Alba located p74

A

Cuneo Province

186
Q

What is the river which separates Langhe Hills and Roero Hillls p74

A

Tanaro River

187
Q

From where the Tanaro river does flow p74

A

Flows north from western Liguria Apenines to Po River

188
Q

In which bank of Tanaro river are Roero hills located p74

A

Left bank (north bank)

189
Q

In which bank of Tanaro river are Langhe hills located p74

A

Right bank (south bank)

190
Q

What is the topography of Roero hills p74

A

Low-rising and steeply sloped

191
Q

What is the topography of Langhe hills p74

A

Higher in elevation with more gradual slopes

192
Q

Where is Alba city considered to be located p74

A

Langhe

193
Q

why is Alba important as far as history and viticulture is concerned p74

A

Because of the number of communes and appellations

194
Q

What does make Alba culinary renowned for p74

A

Hazelnuts, truffles and chocalates (land of Nutella)

195
Q

How is the climate in Alba sub region p75

A

Moderately continental. Cold wineter and warm dry summers

196
Q

What can cause significant vintage variation in Alba sub-region p75

A

Summer rainstorm and hail can affect the last stage of ripening process.

197
Q

How does a generally foggy and mild autumns impact in Alba sub-region p75

A

Extension of growing season well into october

198
Q

How does the rainfall look like in Alba sub-region p75

A

Around 500-800mm and is higher in the south than in the north

199
Q

What is the characteristics of Langhe Hills soil p75

A

Calcareous marls (terre bianche) formed 15 million years ago

200
Q

What is the characteristics of Roero Hills soil p75

A

Softer, sandier and marine fossils formed some 5 million years ago

201
Q

What is the common problem in the soil both in Langhe and Roero hills p75

A

Erosion because few pebbles and stones

202
Q

What are the training systems in Alba sub-regions p75

A

Guyot and cordon spur-pruning training systems

203
Q

How many appellations are there in Langhe and Roero p75

A

12

204
Q

What are the classical grapes in Langhe and Roero p75

A

Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto

205
Q

What is believed to be referred to the word LANGHE p76

A

Tongues (of land)

206
Q

How is Langhe commonly called in local dialect p76

A

Langa

207
Q

Langhe is home for which grape varietal p76

A

Nebbiolo

208
Q

Which are the other grapes rather than Nebbiolo in Langhe p76

A

Barbera, Dolcetto and Moscato Bianco

209
Q

Which international wine region is compared with Piomente p76

A

Burgundy

210
Q

What main characteristics in Piemonte can be paralleled with Burgundy

A

-Importance to the village origin, -Single vineyards wines -Estate bottling

211
Q

How are vineyards normally planted in Piemonte as well as in Burgundy p76

A

Tiny parcel and multiple owners

212
Q

What is the average size of properties in Langhe p76

A

2ha

213
Q

What are the three main natural influence in Langhe as it is in Burgundy p76

A

Altitude, Exposure and Soil (Terroir)

214
Q

How is Langhe generally divided (geographically) p76

A

Alta Langa (High Langhe) and Bassa Langhe (Lower Langhe)

215
Q

Which town is considered to be the point of separation between higher and lower Langhe p76

A

The town of Monforte d’Alba

216
Q

How is the temperature in south of Monforte d’Alba p76

A

Cooler than in North Langhe

217
Q

What is the influence of River Tanaro for Langhe p76

A

Moderate the climate and ventilation through the valley in summer and mist in autumn ensure slow ripening

218
Q

What are the other grapes in Langhe apart from the traditional four grapes p76

A

Pelaverga, Freisa, Favorita (Vermentino) and Nascetta

219
Q

In which areas each of the three red grapes normally planted in Langhe hills p76

A

Nebbiolo: middle south facing slopes, Dolcetto: higher and cooler sites Barbera on the south, east and west

220
Q

Who were the most important persons for Barolo wines in the mid 1800 p77

A

Giulia Falleti (Marquise di Barolo) and Camillo Benso (Count of Cavour)

221
Q

What did the Count of Cavour Camillo Benso do for Barolo p77

A

Created a dry-style Barolo

222
Q

Which Italian enologist did work with Camillo Benso to create the dry-style Barolo p77

A

Paolo Francesco Staglieno

223
Q

What did Giulia Falleti (Marquise di Barolo do for Barolo p77

A

Produced dry-style Barolo and introduced these wines to the aristocratic circles of Torino

224
Q

How did Barolo become known with the introduction to aristocratic circles of Torino by Marquise di Barolo p77

A

King of wines and wine of kings

225
Q

Where is Barolo DOCG located p77

A

Northwestern part of Langhe on the right bank of Tanaro River

226
Q

What is the percentage of Nebbiolo grape in Barolo DOCG p77

A

100%

227
Q

How many towns does form Barolo DOCG p77

A

11 towns (hills surrounding the towns)

228
Q

What are the most important villages in Barolo DOCG p78

A

La Morra; Barolo; Castiglione Falleto; Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba

229
Q

What is the percentage of Barolo produced in the five most important villages in Barolo DOCG p78

A

90%

230
Q

Where is Nebbiolo generally planted in Barolo DOCG p78

A

Most in mid-slope

231
Q

What are the typical soils in Barolo DOCG p78

A

Tortonian soil and Helvetian/Serravallian soil

232
Q

What is the formation of Tortonian soil p78

A

Calcareous Marls more fertile and compact

233
Q

What is the wine style in teh Tortonian type of soil p78

A

More perfumed, elegant, fruitier and softer maturing rapididly

234
Q

Which of the five most important villages are located on Tortonian type of soil p78

A

La Morra and Barolo

235
Q

What is the formation of Helvetian/Serravallian soil p78

A

sandstone and sand, poorer, less compact and less fertile

236
Q

What is the wine style in the Helvetian/Serrallian type of soil p78

A

More power and depth; fuller in body, more robust and structured and need more time in the bottle

237
Q

Which of the five most important villages are located on Helvetian/Serravallian type of soil p78

A

Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Alba and part of Castiglione Falleto

238
Q

Traditionally speaking Barolo was a blend or single vineyards p78

A

Blend of different vineyards and/or different communes

239
Q

How did Barolo become more frequently produced after estate bottling turned to be widespread in the 1060-70s p78

A

Single-vineyards

240
Q

What does MGA stand for p79

A

Menzione Geografiche Aggiuntive (Addtional Geographic Designations)

241
Q

Does MGA represent designation in the quality piramid p79

A

No

242
Q

How many MGA does exist in Barolo DOCG p79

A

181 MGAs

243
Q

What are the most well known MGAs in Barolo DOCG p79

A

Bussia, Canubi, Cerequio, Rocche dell’Annunziata, Brunate, Monptivato, Ginestra, Francia, Sarmassa, Vigna Rionda

244
Q

What is the traditional winemaking style in Barolo DOCG p79

A
  • Long maceration (up to two months) - Extended ageing - neutral casks (Botti) Slavonian oak or Chestnut
245
Q

What is the Barolo wine style with the traditional winemaking method p79

A

Austere and tannic when young. Approachable only after additional bottle ageing

246
Q

What is the modern Barolo winemaking style in Barolo DOCG p79

A

Fruit-driven and approachable upon release

247
Q

What is the Barolo wine style with the modern winemaking method p79

A

Softer tannins, more concentration and noticeably more oak

248
Q

How was the young generation of Barolo producers called because of the modern style p79

A

Barolo boys

249
Q

What is the ageing time for Barolo DOCG (and for Riserva) p80

A

38/18 and 62/18 for Riserva

250
Q

What is Barolo Chinato p80

A

Rare aromatic and fortified wine made of base wine made of Barolo

251
Q

What is the other prestigious appellation based on Nebbiolo besides Barolo p80

A

Barbaresco

252
Q

Who did introduce the name Barbaresco p80

A

Domizio Cavazza

253
Q

What did Domizio Cavazza do

A

Acquired Castle of Barbaresco including surrounding vineyards and founded the cooperative Produttori del Barbaresco

254
Q

Who did transformed Barbaresco wine to a world-class wine p80

A

Angelo Gaja

255
Q

Who did work together with Angelo Gaja to demonstrate Barbaresco real potential in 1950-60s p80

A

Bruno Giacosa

256
Q

Where is Barbaresco DOCG located p80

A

The right bank of Tanaro River east and northeast of Alba

257
Q

What is the percentage of Nebbiolo grape in Barbaresco DOCG p80

A

100%

258
Q

What are the main three communes of Barbaresco DOCG p80

A

Barbaresco; Neive and Treiso

259
Q

Hills of Barbaresco are higher or lower than in Barolo p81

A

Lower (50m asl)

260
Q

What is the charateristics of Barbaresco soil p81

A

Tortonian soil (calcareous marls similar to soil in the western part of Barolo, but with layers of sand

261
Q

What is the influence of the fact that Barbaresco is closer to the Tanaro River than Barolo p81

A

It is slightly warmer and therefore ripen earlier and more consistent than Barolo

262
Q

What is the main difference in the soil of Barbaresco compared with Barolo soils p81

A

It is more homogeneous and therefore less variation among different areas of the appellation

263
Q

What is the ageing time for Barbaresco DOCG (and for Riserva) p80

A

26/9 and 50/9 for Riserva

264
Q

What is the historic style of Barbaresco p81

A

Lighter, less alcohol and less structured than Barolo (this is simple generalisation)

265
Q

How many MGA is there in Barabaresco DOCG p81

A

66 MGA

266
Q

What are the most well known MGAs in Barbaresco DOCG p81

A

Rabajà; Ovello; Pora; Basarin; Asili; Montefico; Montestefano; Gallina; Pajorè; Tildin; San Lorenzoand Martinenga

267
Q

Which Appellattion did first use MGA Barbaresco or Barolo p81

A

Barbaresco (2007)

268
Q

What is the traditional winemaking style in Barbaresco DOCG p82

A
  • Long maceration (up to two months) - Extended ageing - neutral casks (Botti)
269
Q

Who did change the traditional style of Barbaresco wine in the 1970s and how

A

Angelo Gaja adopted shorter maceration periods and shorter ageing (in new, small French oak barrels

270
Q

If Barolo is considered King of wines how can Barbaresco be considered p80

A

Queen of wines (more elegant and refined)

271
Q

What is the size of Barbaresco compared with Barolo p82

A

Barolo is 3 times bigger than Barbaresco (both area and volume (13 million bottles vs 4)

272
Q

How many Dolcetto-based Appellation are there in Langhe p83

A

Three appellation

273
Q

How Dolcetto based wine is generally hierarchically considered in Langhe p83

A

First step when climbing up the Langhe wine ladder

274
Q

What are the characteristics of Dolcetto based wine in terms of winemaking compared with Barolo and Barbaresco p83

A

Ripens first. First to be released and Earliest to mature

275
Q

Where is Dogliani DOCG located p83

A

Middle of the western Langhe right bank of Tanaro River

276
Q

Which commune is considered the capital of Dolcetto p83

A

Dogliani

277
Q

How was Dogliani DOCG previously called p83

A

Dolcetto di Dogliani DOCG

278
Q

How is the soil in Dogliani DOCG p83

A

Layers of sandstone interspersed with marls

279
Q

What is the percentage of Dolcetto in Dogliani p84

A

100%

280
Q

How long should Dogliani Superiore age p84

A

At least on year

281
Q

Where is Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOCG located p84

A

South of Alba and east of Barolo

282
Q

What is the percentage of Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba p84

A

100%

283
Q

How is the soil in Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOCG p84

A

Whitish sandstone

284
Q

How many MGA is there in Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba

A

76 MGAs

285
Q

How long should Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba Superiore age p84

A

At least 10 months

286
Q

Dolcetto d’Alba DOCG is in which side of Tanaro River p85

A

Right side

287
Q

Areas of Barolo and Barbaresco are included in Docetto d’Alba DOC area? p85

A

yes

288
Q

How is the soil in Dolcetto d’Alba p85

A

Calcareous marl, sandstone and sand (typical of lower Langhe)

289
Q

What are the characteristics of the two specific areas of Dolcetto d’Alba DOC p85

A

More structured within area of barolo and Barbaresco and lighter and mora elegant at east of Alba towards Belbo Valley

290
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Dolcetto grape in Dolcetto d’Alba DOC p85

A

100%

291
Q

What is the ageing time for Dolcetto d’Alba Superiore DOC p85

A

At least 1 year

292
Q

Where is Barbera d’Alba located p85

A

Both sides of Tanaro River

293
Q

What is the characteristics of the soil in Barbera d’Alba DOC p85

A

Calcareous Marls, Sendstone and sand (Typical of Lower Langhe)

294
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Barbera grape in Barbera d’Alba DOC p86

A

85%

295
Q

Which grape can be partner of Barbera in Barbera d’Alba DOC p86

A

Nebbiolo up to 15%

296
Q

What is the minimu ageing time for Barbera d’Alba Superiore DOC p86

A

12 months being 4 in oak

297
Q

What does the term BAROLEGGIA mean for Barbera d’Alba DOC p86

A

Develops similar flvor profile of Barolo with bottle ageing

298
Q

Which wine district are included in Langhe DOC p86

A

District of Langhe and Roero

299
Q

What producers usually use Langhe DOC for p86

A

Use this DOC to classify their wines that does not fit more strigent requirements of DOC/G in that area

300
Q

What are the most important native grapes found in Langhe DOC p87

A

Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto and Arneis

301
Q

Which other piemontese grapes are found in Langhe DOC p87

A

Favorita (Vermentino), Freisa and Nascetta

302
Q

What is the minimum percentage of grape for varietal wines in Langhe DOC p87

A

85%

303
Q

When Barolo and Barbaresco producers use Langhe Nebbiolo DOC for their wines p87

A

when they want to make Nebbiolo-based wines under less restrictive rules

304
Q

What is the important sub region in Langhe DOC p87

A

Nascetta del Comune di Novello

305
Q

Where is Nascetta grape grown p87

A

Commune of Novello

306
Q

Where is red Pelaverga grape grown p88

A

Commune of Verduno in northen part of Barolo

307
Q

What is the minimun percentage of Pelaverga varietal wines p88

A

85%

308
Q

What is the specific appellation for traditional method aprkling wine in Southern Piemonte p88

A

Alta Langa DOCG

309
Q

Which grapes are used in teh production of Alta Langa DOCG p88

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Nero (90-100%)

310
Q

What is the minimum required time for Alta Langa DOCG on lees p88

A

30months and 36 months for Riserva

311
Q

Do Alta Langa DOCG need to be vintage dated p88

A

yes

312
Q

Where is Roero Hills located p88

A

Left bank of Tanaro River

313
Q

What is the most important town in Roero p88

A

Canale

314
Q

Where does the name Roero come from p88

A

From the family Roero who rulled the are for centuries in the middle ages

315
Q

How rocky cliffs are called in Roero p88

A

Rocche

316
Q

How is Roero hills compared with Langhe Hills p88

A

Lower in altitude and steeper

317
Q

How is the soil in Roero p89

A

sand, sanstone and marl

318
Q

What are the mains grapes grown in Roero DOCG p89

A

Nebbiolo and Arneis

319
Q

What is them inimum percentage of Nebbiolo in Roero DOCG p90

A

95%

320
Q

What is the ageing time for Roero DOCG and riserva p90

A

20 months 6 in oak and 32 months 6 in oak for riserva

321
Q

What is the percentage of Arneis in Roero Arneis DOCG p90

A

95%

322
Q

What are the three mais areas in Monferrato hills p91

A

Basso Monferrato

Monferrato Astigiano

Alto Monferrato

323
Q

Monferrato is historically home for which grapes p91

A

Barbera, Grignolino and Cortese

324
Q

How is the climate in Monferrato p91

A

Continental cold winter and hot dry summer

325
Q

What are the three principal types of soil in Monferrato p91

A

Terre Bianche

Sabbie Astigiane (Asti sand)

Terre Rosse

326
Q

How is Terre Bianche soil in Monferrato p91

A

Sand, Sandstone and whitish calcareous marls

327
Q

How is the soil in Sabbie Asti (Asti sand) in Monferrato p91

A

Sand (poor water retention)

328
Q

How is the Terre Rosse soil in monferrato p91

A

Deep, higher clay content and rich in iron and amgnesium

329
Q

What is Infernotti (or infernòt) in Monferrato p91

A

Underground cellars dug in marly-sandstone soils

330
Q

Barbera d’Asti is the second largest Piomontese appellation after which DOCG p93

A

Asti DOCG

331
Q

What is the largest red wine appellation in Piemonte p93

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

332
Q

How is the soil in the northern part of Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

Calcareous marls and sabbie astiane

333
Q

How is the soil in the southern part of Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

Terre Bianche

334
Q

Which grape takes priority location in Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

Barbera

335
Q

What is the training system in Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

Guyot or Cordon systems

336
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Barbera grape in barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

90%

337
Q

What is ageing time in Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

4 months - Riserva 14/6 in oak

338
Q

How is the modern style of Barbera d’Asti DOCG p93

A

new small oak barrel to add tannin, texture and osk flavors

339
Q

Why is Barbera considered people wine p94

A

Easy drinking

Versatility

Ability to complement local cuisine

340
Q

Which producers transformed the image of Barbera d’Asti in 1980s p94

A

Braida, Bersano, Coppo, Scarpa, Chiarlo among others

341
Q

What are the two sub zones of Barbera d’Asti Superiore p94

A

Tinella and colli Astiani (or Astiano)

342
Q

Where is Nizza DOCG located p94

A

Around the town of nizza Monferrato

343
Q

Nizza was a sub zone of which DOCG p94

A

Barbera d’Asti Superiore DOCG

344
Q

What is the percentage of barbera in Nizza DOCG p94

A

100%

345
Q

What is the ageing time for Nizza DOCG p94

A

18/6 and Riserva 30/12 months

346
Q

Where is the red grape Ruchè found p95

A

Castagnole Monferrato

347
Q

Where is Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato located p95

A

Left bank of Tanaro River

348
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Ruchè grape in Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG p95

A

90%

349
Q

what are the blending partner grapes in Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG p95

A

10% of Barbara or Brachetto

350
Q

Which wine style is most common in Brachetto d’Acqui (or Acqui) p95

A

Sweet aromatic sparkling red wine

351
Q

Where is Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG located p95

A

Around the town of Acqui Terme

352
Q

Who made red sparkling wine Brachetto d’Acqui prestigious after 1950s p95

A

Arturo Bersani

353
Q

Which style other than sparkling wine is produced in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG p95

A

Frizzante and passito

354
Q

Which method is used for sparkling red wine in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG p95

A

Tank method (Martintti method)

355
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Brachetto in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG p95

A

97%

356
Q

what is the alcohol content in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG p95

A

5-6%

357
Q

What is the traditional and most common style of Freisa d’Asti DOC p95

A

Off dry frizzante

358
Q

What is the characteristics of Grignolino d’Asti DOC wines p96

A

Easy drinking, wine for everyday consumption

359
Q

What is the minimum percentage grignolino grape in Grignolino d’Asti DOC p96

A

90%

360
Q

What is the blending partner for Grignolino d’Asti DOC p96

A

Maximum 10% of Freisa

361
Q

What is the characteristics of Asti DOCG and Moscato d’Asti DOCG p96

A

both are sweet aromatic sparkling wine

362
Q

What is the grape used in Asti DOCG and Moscato d’Asti DOCG p96

A

Moscato Bianco

363
Q

What is the basic difference between Asti DOCG and Moscato d’Asti DOCG p96

A

Asti DOCG is full sparkling and Mocasto d’Asti DOCG is a lightly fizzy wine

364
Q

What is the most important town for Asti DOCG p97

A

Canelli

365
Q

Who created the sparkling version of Asti in the second half of 19th century p97

A

Carlo Gancia

366
Q

How was Asti labeled by Carlo Gancia in his winery in Canelli p97

A

Moscato Champagne

367
Q

What is the alcohol content in Asti DOCG p97

A

7%

368
Q

Is vintage year required in Asti DOCG p98

A

No

369
Q

What is the type of cork used for Asti DOCG p98

A

Mushroom cork

370
Q

Is Asti DOCG suposed to be aged p98

A

No. It should be drunk young

371
Q

How is the Asti Method p98

A

One single fermentation that is stopped and restarted at specific poitns. No need of a still dry base wine.

372
Q

What is the pressure in Asti DOCG p98

A

5-6 atm

373
Q

What is the alcohol percentage in Moscato d’Asti DOCG p98

A

5-5,5%

374
Q

Which type of cork is used for Moscato d’Asti DOCG p98

A

Normal cork

375
Q

What is the pressure in Moscato d’Asti DOCG p98

A

2,5 atm

376
Q

What are the three sub zones that can appear on label of Moscato d’Asti DOCG p98

A

Canelli (largest sub zone)

Santa Vitoria d’Alba (smallest sub zone)

Strevi

377
Q

Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG produces still wine or frizzante p99

A

still wine

378
Q

Barbera del Monferrato is located in which part of Monferrato p99

A

Basso and Alto monferrato

379
Q

What is the training system in Barbera del Monferrato DOCG/DOC p101

A

Most is Guyot

380
Q

What is the ageing time for Barbera del Monferrato DOCG p101

A

14/6

381
Q

What is the percentage of Dolcetto in Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG p101

A

100%

382
Q

What is the percentage of Cortese grape in Gavi DOCG p102

A

100%

383
Q

What are the sub zones of Colli Tortonesi DOC p103

A

Colli Tortonesi MONLEALE

Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarna

384
Q

What is the main grape in Colli Tortonesi Monleale p104

A

Barbera

385
Q

What is the main grape in Colli Tortonesi Terre di Libarma p104

A

Timorasso (White)

386
Q

What is the percentage of Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC p104

A

90%

Italian Wine - North (13 decks)

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