Foundation Italy Flashcards
What was the first civilization to develop vines in Italy
Etruscan civilization
Where did the Etruscan developed in Italy
Toscana and Umbria
What did the Etruscan do for the wine in Italy
They developed the wine production in northern and central Italy
Which system did the Etruscan trained vines
High above ground using trees as natural supports
How is the Etruscan training system known
Alberata or vite maritata all’alberata
Where is Alberata training system still used nowadays in Italy
Campania’s Aversa DOC
when did the Greeks arrived in Italy
Between 8th and 6th centuries BC
Where the Greeks settled them in Italy
Southern regions of Sicilia, Campania, Calabria, Basilicata and Puglia
How did the Romans name the southern Italian territories occupied by the Greek settlers
Magna Graecia (Great Greece)
What was the influence of the Greeks in the south for wine
The Greeks were instrumental for the advancement of viticulture and winemaking in the south as the Etruscan did for the north
How the Greeks called south of Italy
Oenotria, the land of vines
Which training system did the Greeks introduce in the south of Italy
Low head-training method for grapevines
Who did conquered the northen Italy in detriment of the Etruscan
The Celtics between the 6th and 5th centuries BC
When did the Romans unified the Italian territory
In 42 BC
What was the influence of the Romans for the viticulture and winemaking
They improved by adopting the best techniques of both the Etruscans and the Greeks
Which improvement did the Romans introduce
They refined training and pruning methods to a level that some systems remained in use for centuries all over Europe
How was the wine drunk by the Romans
Sweet and alcoholic following Greeks habits
What was the respected wine for the north during the Roman Empire
Retico in Veneto (modern Valpolicella) and Pucinum made in Friuli
What was the role of the monasteries for the wine
Saved wine culture and viticulture by carrying on wine production for religion and medical purposes
When did the use of wooden barrels become widespread
In the Middle Ages
When did the Lombards take control of northern Italy and part of central and south of Italy
5th 6th centuries AD
What did the Lombard do to maintain military supremacy over their territories
Divided the Kingdom into several duchies
Who did defeat the Lombards in northern and central Italy
The Franks
Who did conquer Sicily in the 10th century
the Arabs
Who did defeat the arabs in the 11th century
The Normans (From Normandy France)
When did the mezzadria system become widely adopted
In the Middle Ages particularly in Northern and central Italy
What is Mezzadria
Landowner leased farmland to those who would work it and took half of the crop
When did Mezzadria become widely adopted
Middle Age
What was called Maritime Republic
Coastal cities which became important trade and military centers like Venezia, Genova and Pisa
What was the order of civilizations in Italy
Etruscan
Greeks
Romans
Lombards
What was the impact of the discovery of the americas to Italy
Economic crisis because Mediterranean trade routes lost importance
When did corks and glass bottles become widespread in Italy
19th century
When was the winter freeze that destroyed vineyards in Northern Italy
1709
Who were the leaders of unification of Italy
King vittorio Emanuele II
Camilo Benso, count of Cavour
General Giuseppe Garibaldi
