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Medical Virology > Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae - Paramyxoviridae- Orthomyxoviridae - Rhabdoviridae > Flashcards

Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae - Paramyxoviridae- Orthomyxoviridae - Rhabdoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

PICORNAVIRIDAE - Polio TRANSMISSION

A

Oral-fecal

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2
Q
  • Herpangina (vesicular pharyngitis)

-Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

  • Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
    (vesicular rash on hands and feet
    and ulcerations in the mouth)
  • Aseptic meningitis
A

Coxsackie A viruses

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3
Q
  • Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease, “devil’s grip”)
  • Severe generalized disease of infants

-Myocarditis, pericarditis (Most commonly identified causative agent of heart disease in humans)

  • Aseptic meningitis
A

Coxsackie B viruses

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4
Q

ECHO virus is short for?

A

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

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5
Q

Common cold: most
common human infection

A

Rhinovirus

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6
Q
  • Most common cause of childhood diarrhea
  • Severe cases: stools are clear (“white stool diarrhea”)
A

Rotavirus

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7
Q

only RNA virus with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome

A

REOVIRIDAE

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7
Q

(aka Enterovirus 72)

A

Hepatitis A virus

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8
Q

Blueberry muffin

A

TOGAVIRIDAE - Rubella virus

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9
Q

aka GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

A

RUBELLA

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10
Q
  • Rotavirus is resistant to stomach acid and hence can reach the small

-Most common cause of childhood diarrhea

  • Severe cases: stools are clear (“white stool diarrhea”)
A

Rotavirus (REOVIRIDAE)

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11
Q

Rubella virus (TOGAVIRIDAE) mode of transmission

A
  • Respiratory droplets
  • Transplacentally
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12
Q

Postauricular lymphadenopathy (lymph node enlargement: most characteristic clinical feature of this virus

A

RUBELLA / GERMAN MEASLES / 3-DAY MEASLES

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13
Q

î “blueberry muffin” appearance due to dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Rubella virus

PREVENTION
✅MMR Vaccine

  • live attenuated vaccine
  • Given subcutaneously
  • Given at 15 months
  • 2 doses recommended
  • should not be given to
    immunocompromised patients or to pregnant women
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14
Q

4 viruses of PARAMYXOVIRIDAE

A

✅ Measles Virus
✅ Mumps virus
✅ Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
✅ Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

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15
Q

AKA red measles, rubeola, “first disease”

A

Measles Virus

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16
Q

✅ Pathognomonic enanthem: Koplik’s spots (bright red lesions with a white central dot on
the buccal mucosa)

✅ Timing of appearance of rash: Height of the fever

A

Measles Virus

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17
Q

Microscopic diagnosis of measles virus

A

Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin-Finkelday bodies)

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18
Q

vitamin A supplementation can reduce morbidity and mortality from measles, particularly in malnourished children

A

Measles

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19
Q

Note:

MMR Vaccine
- Given subcutaneously - Given at 15 months
- 2 doses recommended

A

Note:

MMR Vaccine
- Given subcutaneously - Given at 15 months
- 2 doses recommended

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20
Q

cardinal manifestations of measles

A

CCC-K

cough-coryza-conjunctivitis-koplik spots

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21
Q

Three MCC of viral (aseptic) meningitis

A

Mumps virus
Coxsackie virus
Echovirus

22
Q

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS / CROUP

  • results in a “seal-like” barking cough and inspiratory stridor
  • Narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis ➡️ steeple sign on x-ray
A

Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

DOC: Racemic epinephrine

22
Q

aka VIRAL PNEUMONIA

-The most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

23
Q

has 16 antigenically distinct types of hemagglutinin and 9 antigenically distinct types of neuraminidase

A

Influenza A

24
Q

Major outbreaks of influenza Does NOT lead to pandemic

A

Influenza B Major outbreaks of influenza

25
Q

Mild respiratory tract infection
Does NOT cause outbreaks of influenza

A

Influenza C

26
Q

gold standard in
the detection of rabies specific antigen

A

Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)

27
Q
  • Fulminant hepatitis in pregnant women
  • no chronic carrier state, no cirrhosis, and no hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Expectant (pregnant)
    mother
  • Enteric
  • Epidemic
A

Hepatitis E virus

28
Q

VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS

  • Most important cause of epidemic viral (nonbacterial) gastroenteritis in adults
  • Oral-fecal
  • Naked icosahedral (+) ssRNA
A

Norwalk virus (Norovirus

29
Q

only RNA virus with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome

A

Rotavirus (REOVIRIDAE)

30
Q

Distinguished from all other RNA viruses by the presence of an unusual enzyme, reverse transcriptase ➡️ which converts a single stranded RNA viral genome into a double-stranded viral DNA (ssRNA➡️dsDNA)

A

RETROVIRIDAE

30
Q
A
31
Q

HIV protein ….
Attachment to CD4 protein Antigenicity changes rapidly

A

gp120

32
Q

HIV…

Presumptive diagnosis: detection of antibodies in the
patient’s serum to the _____protein of HIV using ELISA.

A

p24 protein

33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q

longest viruses

A

FILOVIRIDAE
- Ebola virus

natural host : fruit bats

Transmission : direct contact with bodily fluids, fomites (including dead bodies), infected bats or primates (apes/ monkeys)

36
Q

abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms, diarrhea/vomiting, high fever, myalgia

  • high mortality rate (100%)
  • can progress to DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock
  • targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes
A

Ebola virus

37
Q

ebola diagnosis

A

ELISA
Antigen tests
RT-PCR

38
Q

Second to rhinovirus as the most common cause of common colds

A

Coronavirus

39
Q

Bite of female
Aedes aegypti mosquito

  • Influenza-like syndrome characterized by biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, leukopenia and lymphadenopathy
  • HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
  • Hemorrhagic shock syndrome is due to the production of large amounts of cross-reacting antibody at the time of a second dengue infection (antibody-dependent enhancement)
A

Dengue virus

40
Q
  • most prevalent blood- borne pathogen in the United States.
  • IV drug users
  • predisposition to hepatocellular carcinoma
A

Hepatitis C virus (FLAVIVIRIDAE)

41
Q

Screening for HCV

A

Anti-HCV antibodies

42
Q

confirmatory test for HCV

A

Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA)

43
Q

(Hepatitis__)

most common indication for liver transplantation

A

HCV

44
Q

Complications:
✅ Microcephaly
✅ Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Causes conjunctivitis, low-grade pyrexia, muscle and joint pain, malaise, headache, and itchy rash in 20% cases

  • Aedes mosquito bites
  • Sexual and vertical transmission possible
A

Zika virus

45
Q

Prostration and shock occur, accompanied by upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage
with hematemesis ✅ (“black vomit”)

A

Yellow Fever virus

46
Q
  • bird-mosquito-man cycle
  • The most important clinical picture is encephalitis with or without signs of

✅- Bite of Culex mosquito

✅ Councilman bodies (eosinophilic
apoptotic globules) on liver biopsy

A

Yellow Fever virus

47
Q
  • most common cause of epidemic encephalitis
  • Bite of Culex mosquitoes
A

Japanese B Encephalitis virus

48
Q

All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA EXCEPT:

A

PARVOVIRUS

49
Q

All DNA viruses have linear DNA EXCEPT:

A

PAPILLOMAVIRUS
POLYOMAVIRUS
HEPADNAVIRUS

50
Q

All DNA viruses are icosahedral EXCEPT:

A

POXVIRUS (complex)

Medical Virology (3 decks)

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