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VIROLOGY > Picornaviridae (FMD) > Flashcards

Picornaviridae (FMD) Flashcards

1
Q

What virus is highly resistant in the environment but variably sensitive to acid?

A

FMD

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2
Q

FMD is enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

non-enveloped

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3
Q

What shape does FMD have?

A

icosahedral

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4
Q

FMD has a RNA or DNA genome and double or single stranded?

A

single stranded RNA genome

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5
Q

True or false - FMD has many serotypes but immunity is not cross protective?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

How many different serotypes does FMD have?

A

7

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7
Q

how many subtypes does FMD have?

A

80

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8
Q

FMD has cytoplasmic replication but ____ inclusion bodies

A

no

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9
Q

how many hours does it take for the replication cycle to be completed in FMD?

A

5-10 hours

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10
Q

Host cell protein synthesis is shut off within _____ in FMD?

A

30 minutes

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11
Q

What pH is FMD unstable at?

A

unstable below 7

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12
Q

FMD is enzootic in parts of?

A

Asia, Africa, and South America

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13
Q

Up to ______ of virus is present in vesicular fluid in FMD

A

10^9 TCID(tissue cultured)/ml

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14
Q

There are high virus titres in ____ secretions in FMD

A

respiratory

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15
Q

Large volume of ____ & ______ of virus is shed from infected animals in FMD

A

droplets & aerosol

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16
Q

True or False – FMD virus can become airbourne and spread up to 100-200 km

A

TRUE

17
Q

FMD has a _____ incubation period?

A

short

18
Q

True or false – FMD virus shedding happens during incubation or before clinical disease

A

TRUE

19
Q

in FMD, cattle act as _____ hosts

A

indicator

20
Q

in FMD, pigs act as _____ hosts

A

amplifier

21
Q

in FMD, sheep act as _____ hosts

A

maintenance

22
Q

Which species has severe disease manifestations?

A

cattle

23
Q

Which species has high virus output?

A

pigs

24
Q

which species has mild or subclinical disease?

A

sheep

25
Q

Where does a recovered animal carry the virus in the presence of FMD-antibody?

A

its pharynx

26
Q

True or false – strong immunity to reinfection by the same but it des not last for life (~1 - 2 yrs)

A

TRUE

27
Q

True or false - many disinfectants are not effective against FMD?

A

TRUE — sodium carbonate is most effective

28
Q

What disinfectants are resistant to FMD?

A

Resistant to iodophores, quaternary ammonium compounds, hypochlorite and phenol, especially in the presence of organic matter

29
Q

How do we prevent contact between susceptible animals and the virus

A

Household meat/bone scraps have to be boiled for 1 h before fed to pigs in NZ

30
Q

What 4 things can we do to stop further production of virus by infected animals

A

– Control (stop) animal movements

– Tracing (at least 14 days before clinical signs) and surveillance

– Eliminate possible sources of virus by slaughtering infected animals and known in-contact animals. Destroy carcasses properly.

– Eliminate environmental contamination: decontaminate infected premises, vehicles, equipment, etc. Exterminate wild animals

31
Q

Is a FMD vaccine used in non-endemic regions?

A

NO

32
Q

Why wouldn’t we use a vaccine in non-endemic regions?

A

– Masking of infected (shedding) animals

– Vaccinated animals cannot be differentiated from infected serologically

33
Q

Is FMD an important and current virus in humans?

A

no very rare and unimportant

34
Q

What are clinical signs in humans if they do get FMD?

A
  • Fever, anorexia
  • Vesiculation at the site of exposure (usually a skin abrasion)
  • Secondary vesiculation (mouth, hands, feet)
35
Q

What are the possible routes of infection for FMD to get into NZ?

A

Via imported live animals

Via imported animal-derived products (meat, dairy, milk…etc) Via genetic material (embrios, semen)

via travellers (clothing, shoes, goods)

via imported farm equipment

36
Q

Clinical features of FMD in cattle:

A

– They get severe disease

– Vesicles on the the tongue [dorsum], lips, gums, dental pad, cheeks and around the muzzle

– Excessive salivation, smacking of the lips, anorexia

– Vesicles or erosions also around the coronary band and in the
interdigital cleft→lameness

– Loss of hooves (exungulation) may follow laminitis

– Vesicles and erosions on the skin of the teats→rapid drop in milk yield ± acute mastitis

37
Q

Clinical features of FMD in pigs:

A

– Also severe disease; lameness may be seen first

– Vesicles commonly seen on, and especially around the edge of, the rostrum of the snout

– Vesicles also on the feet [as in cattle] and around the supernumerary digits

– Exungulation is common

– In young pigs (and calves up to 6 months old) virus may localise in the heart and produce a severe myocarditis with sudden early death before vesicle formation

38
Q

Clinical features of FMD in sheep:

A

– Causes mild or subclinical disease

– FMD is an important differential diagnosis for sudden-onset lameness in a flock

VIROLOGY (5 decks)

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