piaget's theories of cognitive development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

fill in the blanks:

cognition -> schemas -> organisation and ________->______________ and accommodation

A

adaptation;assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define schemas.

A

mental structures of knowledge and behavior to interpret the world. concepts about a place or thing or event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define organisation in terms of schemas.

A

merge existing schemas to create new and more intricate schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define adaptation.

A

fit schemas with new experiences in our envt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define assimilation.

A

interpret new and unfamiliar things in terms of preexisting schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define accommodation.

A

reorganisation of schemas based on new data to better fit envt.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define equilibrium/equilibration in terms of assimilation and accommodation.

A

process of using both assimilation and accommodation to create a stable theory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________ leads to disequilibrium and ________ leads to equilibrium.

A

assimilation; accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 4 major characteristics of development in children?

A
  1. universal: same for all kids around the world
  2. invariant: each stage followed same fixed order
  3. discontinuous: each stage is qualitatively different
  4. parallel: same rate across multiple domains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the universal sequence of 4 stages according to piaget’s theory?

A
  1. sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)
    - act on themselves, then on objects
    - interactions become increasingly sophisticated
  2. preoperational (2-7 yrs)
    - symbols, language
    - engage in pretend play
    - thinking lacks logic
  3. concrete operational (7-11 yrs)
    - logical but not abstract
    - form concrete concepts
    - develop more structured way of thinking
  4. formal-operational (11+ yrs)
    - think abstractly
    - demonstrate scientific thinking similar to adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list the 3 key features of the sensorimotor stage.

A
  1. learn through senses and actions
  2. circular reactions: repeat events caused by own motor activity
  3. initially limited to here and now: no mental representations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list the gradual development of mental representations.

[A-not-B task] [8, 12, 18-24 mths]

A

8 mths: object permanence appears but still fragile (A-not-B error)

12 mths: A-not-B error disappears; object perm stronger

18-24 mths: full representation appears marking end of stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what behavioural manifestations are evidence for having mental representations for children in the preoperational stage (2-7 yrs)?

A
  1. delayed imitation
  2. anticipation in problem solving
  3. pretend play
  4. drawing
  5. language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why do children in the preoperational stage (2-7 yrs) fail at conservation tasks?

A
  • lack of critical mental operators:
    compensation
    reversibility
    identity
  • leading to centration (cannot focus on 2 dimensions simultaneously)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the seriation task and what does it test?

A
  • order objects according to length/size
  • tests if children in the preoperational stage can think of an object in relation to 2 or more objects simultaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some limitations in cognitive development in children aged 2-7 (preoperational stage)?

A
  1. can’t think of 2 dimensions simultaneously (centration)
  2. cannot think of whole and its parts simultaneously (hierarchical classification)
  3. cannot think of appearance and reality simultaneously (perception bound - focus on appearance, intellectual realism - focus on reality)
  4. egocentrism (attribute own perceptions, knowledge and feelings to others)
  5. precausal thinking (cannot select cause for effect)
    - animism: attribute animal properties to inanimate objects
    - artificialism: attribute envt characteristics to human actions
    - transducive reasoning: give magical explanations