emotional development Flashcards
what are emotions?
emotions are complex reactions to the envt.
- subjective feeling
- desire to take action / ctrl envt
- physiological rxns
- cognition
what does the discrete emotions theory state?
- emotions are innate
- emotions tied to specific body/facial reactions
- emotions and rxns present at birth
what does the functionalist emotions theory state?
- emotions have functions
- envt influences emotions
- emotions emerge w experience
what are the 2 emotion theories?
- discrete emotions theory
- functionalist emotions theory
babies begin to express emotions at birth.
what emotions can they express?
- interest
- disgust
- distress - generalised negative response
what positive emotions appear in a child’s 1st year of life?
1 mth: smiles triggered by envt
2-3 mths: voluntary, social smiles
3-4 mths: laughter
7 mths: preference for familiar ppl
when do babies express anger distinct from distress?
4-8 mths
what negative emotions appear in a baby?
4-8 mths: anger distinct from distress
6-7 mths: fear of strangers
7-12 mths: fear of loud toys, sudden movements
8-15 mths: separation anxiety (emerges from 7 mths, peaks 8-10 mths, disappears 2nd year of life)
what age do babies start to be self-conscious?
age 2 (18-24 mths)
what are some self-conscious emotions?
- pride
- embarrassment
- shame (focus on self)
- guilt (focus on others)
what are the 3 components in understanding others’ emotions?
- identifying emotions
- understanding causes of emotions
- understanding real/false emotions
emotional ___________ is present in very young infants. it indicates an awareness of ________, but not necessarily any __________.
contagion; emotions; understanding
in identifying emotions, state what each state can do?
a) 4-7 mths.
b) 7 mths.
c) 8-12 mths.
4-7 mths: can distinguish some emotional expressions, but do not understand meaning
7 mths: connect emotions to facial expressions and tone of voice
8-12 mths: relate emotions to causes in the world - permits social referencing
what can 2-5 year-old children do in identifying emotions?
- huge increase in ability to identifying emotions
- appearance of emotion language
- label simple emotions like happy, sad, surprise, angry
- use situational info
what can 6-10 year-old children do in identifying emotions?
- label more complex emotions (shame, guilt, pride)
- recognise that someone else can feel 2 conflicting emotions too
children identify the causes of different emotions at different ages. what are the emotions at:
2-3 yrs
4yrs
4-6yrs
7yrs
2-3 yrs: happiness
4yrs: sadness
4-6yrs: fear and anger
7yrs: shame, guilt, pride, jealousy
*children living in dangerous envt can identify fear and anger earlier on