Piaget

Question 1

Involving structures

Answer 1

Physical actions: looking, hearing and sucking

Mental actions: comparing and categorising

Mental representations: concepts and ideas

Question 2

Adaptations

Answer 2

Assimilating: taking new information from existing areas

Accommodating: altering existing areas to get new information

Cognitive development:
sensorimotor stage:

6 sub stages

• Reflexes
• Repetition
• Coordination
• Internal/mental representations: object performance
• deferred imitation (memory)
• planned actions

Pre-operational stage:

2 sub stages

• pre-conceptual stage (2-4 years old) internal thoughts
• intuitive stage (4-7 years old) ordering and classifying- unable to explain why

Egocentrism- thinking in own perspective- unable to use cognitive operations
- 3 mountains task

Criticism:
Hughes 1975
- Tasks were difficult for children

Concrete operational:
7-12 years old
- unable to comprehend abstract and hypothetical

Formal operational:
12+ years old
- able to apply rules to hypothetical situations

Question 3

Methodology on piagets theory

Answer 3

Clinal method of interviewing

No experiments

Hard to replicate work

Question 4

Underestimation

Answer 4

Hughes 1975

Boy and policeman task
-3-4 year olds got 88% right

Piagets work is too complicated

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

Tasks were too biased, not experience with mountains

School and literacy can impact development

Question 6

Language

Answer 6

Action- thought- language

Language presents the world
- not a tool for exploring

Question 7

Contemporary perspectives

Answer 7

Nature interacts with nurture:
- children who experience with mountains are likely to pass

Neuroscience:

Imitations relate to the prefrontal and hippocampus

Question 8

Educational implications

Answer 8

Adapt to the the child’s needs and intellectual level

Active learning:
- deeper learning and understanding

Communication helps to sharper ideas and the use of right words