Physis Paper 3 Flashcards
Which of these is the best piece of equipment to produce the white light?
Ray block
the electromagnetic spectrum used to detect broken bones is..
X-rays
the electromagnetic spectrum used in thermal imaging is…
Infrared
What is the 7 visible light
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
What are the 7 electromagnetic spectrum in order
radio , microwaves ,visible- light, ultraviolet, x‑rays gamma rays
What’s a scaler and what unit does it measure it?
-Size or magnitude only
-measures in m/s (distance)
What is vector and what unit does
-magnitude and direction
-measure in m/s
-acceleration
What does the term displacement mean?
Distance but with direction
What does the term friction mean?
When 2 object slide thought each other
Give 2 example of a scaler quantities
Distance
Mass
Temperature
Height
Speed
Time
Give 2 example of vector quantities
Weight
Displacement
Force
Velocity
What does the term resultant force mean?
Multiple force acting on a object at once
Waves with a long wavelength has a…
Short frequency and low energy
Waves with a short wavelength has a…
A high frequency and high energy
What are the uses of a short wavelength?
Cooking
Communication
What is the relative mass of a 🫐proton🫐
and the relative charge?
Relative mass:-1
Relative charge:+1
What is the relative mass of a 🫐neutron🫐
and the relative charge
Relative mass:-1
Relative charge:0
What is the relative mass of a 🫐electron🫐
and the relative charge?
Relative mass: -1
Relative charge:1/1680
What are the dangers of radioactivity?
Skin burns
Cause of cancer
What are the dangers EM radiation?
Damage DNA
Damage cells
What are the uses of a long wavelength?
Communication
Broadcasting television
Microwave
What is the term renewable energy mean?
Energy which are able to quickly replenish themselves and can be use over and over again
What is the term non-renewable energy mean?
Once sources are used up, they cannot be replaced/replalished
Give two examples of a non-renewable
coal
natural gas
oil
nuclear energy
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that
* is used to cook food
AND
* has a shorter wavelength than microwaves is
Infared
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that
* is used to sterilise medical equipment
AND
* has a shorter wavelength than x‑rays is
gamma rays
Describe how a student could determine the wave speed of the water wave?
time a crest/ripple/wavefront (1)
OR
use (wave speed =) distance (1)
time
OR
Count number of crests
How do you calculate the wave speed of the sound wave.
(v =) f × λ
(speed =) freq(uency) ×
wavelength
Which will be the next stage in the evolution of our Sun?
red giant
The core of a star with a much bigger mass than our Sun is most likely to end
as a
black hole
State one of the conditions necessary for this nuclear fusion reaction to start
ANY OF THESE POINT (1 marker q)
high temperature (1)
high pressure (1)
high (particle) density (1)
high (particle) speed / KE
Describe what happens in this nuclear fusion reaction.
two) isotopes/nuclei/atoms(1)
fusing (1)
State one way that radioactivity can be dangerous to humans.
One from:
cell damage (1)
cancer (1)
radiation sickness / poisoning (1)
mutation (1)
chromosomal damage (1)
DNA damage (1)
skin damage (1)
(named) organ damage (1)
burns (1)
releases ionising radiation (1)
Stars of similar mass to our Sun were formed from a cloud of gas and dust
called a ………………………………………..
Our Sun is a ……………………………………………………… star.
called a..nebula
is a…main sequence
State one piece of equipment that can be used to measure radioactivity.
Geiger (Muller) (tube/counter) ( prefer use this rather than GM)
photographic film
dosimeter
Alpha (α) radiation and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are ionising radiations.
Give two other ionising radiations.
beta(minus) (1)
beta + (1)
x-rays (1)
gamma/γ (1)
The Sun is at the centre of our Solar System.
The planets orbit the Sun.
Which planet is nearest to the Sun?
Mercury
The Moon orbits the Earth.
Which of these describes the Moon?
natural satellite
Suggest two reasons why the gravitational field strength on the Moon is different
from the gravitational field strength on the Earth.
Mass
Radius
or density
What’s the unit for Newton
N
All electromagnetic waves can travel in a vacuum.
Which of these is the same for all electromagnetic waves travelling in a vacuum?
Speed
State one way that x-rays are harmful to humans.
mutate DNA / cells
kills cells/tissue
State one way that x-rays are useful to humans.
detect broken bone
airport security
radiotherapy
The electromagnetic waves that the fire mostly emits are ………………………… waves.
These waves transfer …………………………………… energy to the hands.
are.. infrared
trasfer.. themical
How many daughter nuclei are produced from the fission of one nucleus of
uranium235 (U235)?
2
When a uranium235 (U235) nucleus splits, neutrons are also emitted.
The neutrons may start a chain reaction.
Describe what is meant by a chain reaction.
more neutrons are
emitted (which are
absorbed by uranium nuclei) (1)
atoms splitting
four or more nuclei (1)
Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction that takes place in the Sun.
Describe what happens during a nuclear fusion reaction.
hydrogen nuclei/atoms join (1)
helium is produced (1)
The cyclist then uses the brakes on the bicycle to stop.
Explain what happens to the kinetic energy of the cyclist
the kinetic energy (store)/it
decreases (to zero) (1)
thermal energy (store) increases (1)
A car is travelling at 10m/s.
The driver sees a danger and stops the car.
The stopping distance for the car would be smaller if the car…
Travelling more slowly
Describe an experiment to find out how the stopping distance depends on the
surface that stops the toy car.
use of speed = distance divided by (1)
Time
measurement of appropriate
time
use ruler/stop clock
State one way the student could increase the speed of the car as it reaches
the flat surface.
push/pull the trolley (1)
make the slope steeper(1)
White light includes all the colours in the visible spectrum.
A beam of white light is the only light that shines on a book.
The book appears green.
A red filter is placed between the source of white light and the book.
What colour does the book appear now?
Black
A clear image of a building can be seen on the surface of the ball.
This clear image is an example of..
specular reflection
Explain why the surface of the metal ball gives a clear image
(the surface/metal ball) is
smooth/shiny (1)
angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection (1)
State one similarity and one difference in the way the rays of light pass
through the lenses.
Similarity
- (both) change direction refract (rays of light)
Differences
- one converges the other
diverges (1)
State how the power of P is different from the power of Q
(the power of) P is less than
(the power of) Q
The student has a stopwatch.
Describe how the student could determine the frequency of the ripples on
the lake.
(arriving/passing a point) in a
specific time(1)
count the number of waves(1)
Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
transverse – (oscillations)
perpendicular to direction of
wave (travel) (1)
longitudinal – (oscillations) in
same direction as wave
(travel) (1)
Alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) are three types of radioactive emissions.
Which statement describes all of these radioactive emissions?
ionising and emitted by unstable nuclei
State the SI unit for the activity of a radioactive source.
becquerel
accepts Bq
The beta source is then also taken away.
The counter is reset to zero and switched on again.
A new count is taken for 1 minute.
Give a reason why there would now be a reading on the counter.
Background radiation
Describe the dangers of exposure to radioactive sources and what can be done to
protect hospital staff when they are working with radioactive sources.
Dangers of exposing people to radioactive
sources/radiation.
* it is ionising
* may cause cancer
* may destroy /kill cells
* can mutate DNA
* can burn the skin
Protection of hospital staff using radioactive
sources/radiation.
* use tongs to carry radioactive sources
* use lead containers to store sources
* stay at a distance from radioactive sources
* use sources for as short a time as possible
Give 2 factors that can affect the reaction time
Tiredness
Drugs
Distraction
Alcohol
Give a reason why a driver applied breaking distance?
Poor road
Poor vehicle condition
More mass is in the vehicle
What does the term electromagnetic wave mean?
Vibrations between an electric field and magnetic field.
What does all electromagnetic wave have?
Travels at the same speed
transverse energy as radiation
Infrared are use for..
In-night vision camera
Gamma rays are used to..
to sterilise medical equipment
Ultraviolet wave are use for..
Detect forged bank note
X-ray are used to..
Detect brokens bone
Describe how the brightness changes with wavelength.
increases (at first) (1)
reaches a peak (1)
(then) decreases (1)
Formula for acceleration
a = velocity divided by time
Formula for kinetic energy
K.E. = 1/2 m v2
