Biology Paper 2 Flashcards
What does the term “Abiotic” mean?
Non-living factor in an eviroment
List 5 abiotic factor
Moisture level
Light intercity
Temperature
CO2
Oxygen level
Soil pH and mineral content
What does the term “biotic” mean?
living factor
List 2 change in abiotic factor that can affect population
Decrease in a mineral content of the soil that affect the growth of a plant species
decrease in plant population could affect any animal species that depend on it for food
Increase OR decrease in an abiotic factor is a change in environment
Affect size of population in a community
Change in an abiotic factor that affect one species could also affect the population of the size of other species that depends on them
List 3 biotic factor
Competition (One species may outcompete another so that number are too low to breed)
Availability of Food (If there is less food available, the population size will decrease)
New Pathogen (Predictors are animal that kill other animal)
New Predictors (Predator are animal that kill other animals)
What does the term “Adaption” mean?
the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment through changes in structure, behaviour, or function.
List 3 adaptation that allows organism to survive
Structural (Features of an organism body structure - shape, colour)
Behavioural (The way the organism behave)
Functional(Chemical reaction happening in a body, things that go on inside an organism body)
Describes the stages of your water cycle?
What’s the formula for Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
What’s the formula for respiration
What does does the term “ Combustion” mean?
Burning a substance in oxygen, usually producing heat and light
Which organisms decompose dead organic matter?
Fungi
Give 2 benefits and drawback of distillation
adv - easy to access
dis - requires energy
& expensive
List the formula reacquired to calculate a student BMI
Height (m)²
Why is performing the BMI calculation not always accurate
Calculates you’re muscles weight and fat
What is a more accurate calculation BMI (Body mass index)
Waist-to-hips ratios
What does under 18.5 indicate?
Underweight
What does 24.9 indicate?
described as the ‘healthy range’
What does 29.9 indicate?
Overweight
What does between 30 and 39.9 indicate
Obiesity
What occurs when an individuals is at a 18.5 in term of BMI
Low risk/Less likely to develop type 2 diabetes
What occurs when an individuals is at a 29.9 in term of BMI
High risk/More likely to develop type 2 diabetes
How do you develop Type 1 diabetes?
Genetic mutation // Pass around DNA
How do you develop Type 2 diabetes?
Through Life styles factors, Poor diet , Lack of exercise , Consuming sugary foods
What type of diabetes is required to inject a insulin
Type 1
Can you cure type 1 diabetes
No
Can you cure type 2 diabetes
Yes, thought having a balanced diet, Exercise, reduce intake in sugary drinks/food
What does the nitrogen cycle represent
How Nitrogen(N₂) is recycled in the ecosystem
Why do Humans and Animals need Nitrogen
in order to produce protein and nuclei acid such as DNA and RNA)
What does WHO stand for?
World Health Orgasition
What percentage of the air contain nitrogen
78%
What’s the name of the bacteria is used to convert nitrogen gas INTO nitrogen cointaing compound
(nitrogen fixation), are called Rhizobium.-ONLY REQUIRED TO Know nitrogen fixation
What does the immune system fight of?
Pathogen
Explain what does the term “Phagocytosis”
White blood cells can engulfs (Surrounds) pathogen and digest them
What’s the unique shape every pathogen have on it surface?
Antibodies
How does your skin defend the body against pathogen
Role of an immune systerm
What is meant by the term “antigen”
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotic
What does Photosynthesis produced?
glucose using light.
What is meant by efficacy of drug
State what aspirin is used for
State what penicillin is used for
Define Hormones
A Chemical substance produced by a gland, Carried by the blood and can therefore circulates around the body
Where is the adrenaline found
Adrenal gland
Where is insulin found
Pancreas
Where is the testosterone found?
Testee
Where is Progesterone found
Ovaries
Where is Oestrogen found
Ovaries
What is the role of Adrenaline
ready the body for flight or flight response
Role of testosterone
Main sex hormone in males
Role of Progesterone
Maintain Pregnancy
Role of Oestrogen
main sex hormone in female
What does the term Endocrine System mean?
Chemicals messengers produced by the glands
What does Pituitary gland produces
Produces thyroxine.. makes hormones such as FSH and LH
What does Thyroid produces
controls metabolic rates and affect growth
What does pancreases produces
produces INSULIN, which regulates blood glucose level
What does the adrenal gland produces
adrenaline
what does testee produces
testosterone
What does the ovaries produces
Oestrogen
Define Photosynthesis
Chemical reaction that takes reaction inside a photosynthetic organism
By converting light energy INTO chemical energy
Why is Photosynthesis important?
They produces GLUCOSE used in respiration to release energy.
Where does Photosynthesis take place?
Chlorplant
What type of reaction is photosynthesis
Endothermic reaction that takes in form of light
What does chlorphyll mean
A green pigment found in chloroplasts to ABSORB light
What does CO2 combine to form a glucose
Hydrogen ions
Whats the funtions of a root hair cells
absorbs the water and nutrient from the soil
OR
Increase the overall surface area of water absorption
List 3 key term to use when describing a root hair cell
Thin cell wall
Elongated shape
Numerous of mitochondria lots of
How long does a women menstrual cycle last
28 days
What does the term Contraceptives
A method or device used to prevent pregnancy
