Chemistry PAPER 2 MOCK Flashcards
Name a material that would be suitable for coating the metal wire
polymer
There are some concerns that nanoparticles may cause harm if they enter
the human body.
- Suggest one way that nanoparticles can enter the human body.
ANY OF THESE WILL GET YOU THE MARK
breathed in
Absorbed by the skin
consumed within food and drink
medication
Suggest one possible risk if nanoparticles enter the human body.
catalyse (harmful) reactions OR
build up and form blockages
The student kept the volume of sulfuric acid the same when they repeated the
method at 50°C.
State two other variables that should be kept the same.
Concertation Of acid
Mass of magnesium
Which piece of equipment can be used to find the volume of 25cm3
of sulfuric acid?
B) Measuring cylinder
State how the student will know that the reaction has finished.
No more bubbles OR
magnesium has gone
Give one reason, in terms of particles, why the reaction at 50°C was faster than
the reaction at 30°C.
(particles) have more energy
How do you calculate average rate of reaction?
change in concentration, ∆[A], divided by the change in time
State, in terms of outer shell electrons, why the noble gases are unreactive
The outer-shell is full
Explain why hydrogen and why krypton are not used in airships (3)
hydrogen is flammable (1)
krypton is more dense than air (1)
krypton air ship would not float (1)
Mendeleev produced one of the earliest periodic tables.
State why he could not include any of the noble gases in his periodic table.
had yet to be discovered
State why in step 1 the wire is dipped in hydrochloric acid and held in a
roaring Bunsen burner flame.
to clean the wire
State why in step 2 the wire is dipped in hydrochloric acid again before
dipping it in the copper sulfate crystals.
solid vaporises more easily
OR
solid sticks onto the wire
What colour should be seen when the flame test is carried out on copper sulfate?
Blue-green
A solution of the copper sulfate was tested in a flame photometer.
(i) Give an advantage of using a flame photometer, rather than a flame test, to
test for copper ions
more {accurate sensitive /
reliable}
Use the calibration graph in Figure 7 to find the concentration of copper ions
in this solution.
value consistent with candidate’s line of best fit
Draw a line of best fit through the points.
DRAW STAIGHT LINE
A student tested an unknown solution for sulfate ions by
1. adding a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid to the unknown solution
2. then adding a few drops of barium chloride solution.
A white precipitate was formed.
The student cannot conclude from this result that the unknown solution contains
sulfate ions.
Explain what the student should change to obtain a valid result.
use hydrochloric acid (rather
than sulfuric acid) (1)
(as) sulfuric acid contains sulfate ions
How do you calculate percentage by mass of copper?
(mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100%
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine are elements in group 7 of the periodic table.
(a) (i) State the name given to the group 7 elements
halogens
Name one other element that is in group 7.
Use the periodic table on the back of this exam paper to help you
astatine
Which element is liquid at room temperature and pressure?
B) Bromine
Which element is dark-grey in colour at room temperature and pressure?
D) Iodine
How do you calculate the empirical formula?
Divide each mass (or % mass) by the atomic mass of the element (found in the periodic table).
Look at the numbers produced and identify the smallest number.
Divide each result from step 1 by the smallest number.
The resulting numbers is the ratio of each element.
Explain, in terms of their electronic configurations, why fluorine reacts with tin
more vigorously than chlorine reacts with tin.
fluorine has fewer electron shells (1)
(so) electron more easily attracted to
nucleus (1)
Write the word equation for hydrogen peroxide solution decomposing
hydrogen peroxide -> water + oxygen
hydrogen peroxide
solution state symbol
aq
liquid water state symbol
l
Describe what the graph shows about the difference in decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide with and without liver.
reaction is faster with liver (1)
more {gas/oxygen} produced with
liver(1)
Describe the test to show the gas produced is oxygen
glowing splint (1)
OR
relights (1)
oxygen gas state symbol
g
Complete the missing label on the axis of the graph.
Time in(sec/min)
Describe how the apparatus in Figure 12 could be modified to find the
volume of gas produced when the liver is added to the hydrogen peroxide.
bung and delivery tube (1)
connected to upturned
measuring cylinder} (1
Propanol can be converted into propanoic acid.
What happens to propanol in this reaction?
oxidised
Figure 19
Explain the results of the investigation.
ammonium chloride contains ions
(1)
* in solution ions can move / in solid
ions cannot move (1)
Explain how Figure 17 shows that dissolving ammonium chloride in water is
an endothermic process.
heat (energy) has increased /
energy change is positive (1)
* (therefore) heat energy has
been {absorbed/taken in} (1)
Give one safety precaution that should be taken when working with toxic gases in
the laboraton
use a fume cupboard
Diesel oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be obtained from crude oil.
(a) State the name of the process used to separate diesel oil from crude oil.
fractionation
What do all homologous series have?
they have the same general formula
When fuels such as diesel oil are burned, the high temperatures produced can
cause nitrogen and oxygen in the air to form the pollutant nitrogen dioxide.
Complete the balanced equation for the reaction.
(2)
N²+ 2O²
2NO²
Explain how the greenhouse effect is caused by the gases produced by the
complete combustion of diesel oil. (3)
{carbon dioxide / water} produced (1)
* (the gases) absorb heat radiated from
earth (1)
re-radiate heat back into the atmosphere(1)
Explain how acid rain is formed and the harm it can do
sulfur burns at the same time as the hydrocarbon
rain water becomes acidic
* acid rain damages buildings / statues
* damages plants/trees
* sulfur reacts with oxygen
kills fish/sealife
P pour the 50 cm3
water into the polystyrene cup
Q add the solid to the water and stir
R measure 50 cm3
water using a beaker
S measure the initiaThe dissolving of this solid in water is an exothermic change.
The experiment is repeated a number of times.
Write the steps in the correct order, from left to right.
R P S Q T
The dissolving of this solid in water is an exothermic change.
The experiment is repeated a number of times.
-Compared with the initial temperature of the water, the final temperature of the
solution is
always higher
State how step R could be changed to measure the volume of water more accurately
use measuring cylinder
When the pack is squeezed hard the inner bag bursts.
Then the pack goes cold.
(i) Explain why the pack goes cold.
the solid {dissolves/
reacts with the water}
Give the reason why the pack can be used only once.
reaction can only occur once
Which ion is shown to be present by the result of test 1?
sodium
State the name of the gas given off in test
Carbon dioxide
State the name of the ion shown to be present in the white solid by the result
of test 2
carbonate
State the name of the piece of apparatus labelled Z in Figure 5.
(gas) syringe
At the end of the reaction the bung is removed from the conical flask.
A glowing splint is put into the gas in the flask.
State what you would see.
relight
The experiment is repeated under identical conditions but with the
catalyst added.
(1)
In the experiment with the catalyst added
B) water and oxygen are the only products of the reaction
Which of the following needs to be done to give a more accurate mass?
A) dry the filter paper and catalyst before finding their mass
given mass of catalyst is more effective if it has a large surface area.
State how you could increase the surface area of some lumps of solid catalyst.
powder
Complete the balanced equation for the reaction and fill in the two missing state symbols……… H2O2(aq) o 2H2O(………….) + O2(………))
2H2O²(aq) → 2H²O(l) + O2 (g)
Nanoparticles are found in some sunscreens.
(i) An atom has a radius of about 0.1 nm.
A nanoparticle might have a radius of about
50nm
A useful property of nanoparticles in sunscreens is that they…
D) prevent harmful UV radiation reaching the skin
A small volume of bromine water is added to each of the substances A, B and C
and the mixtures shaken.
Explain why A and B decolourise bromine water but C does not.
A is {an alkene/ unsaturated/
has C=C/ has double bond}
(1)
- B is {an alkene/ unsaturated/
has C=C/ has double bond}
(1) - C {is alkane/ is saturated/ no
C=C/ has no double bond/
has only single bonds}
State why ethane is described as a hydrocarbon
contains carbon and hydrogen
(atoms) only.
TRUE OF FALSE
Is crude oil a finite resource?
TRUE
The substances ethane, C2H6, octane, C8H18, and pentadecane, C15H32, are all found
in crude oil.
These substances
are in the same homologous series
The separation of crude oil into fractions occurs in a fractional distillation column.
Before crude oil is passed into the column it is …………………………………………………….. .
During the distillation, vapour rises up the column until it is cold enough for the
vapour to form a liquid. The vapour has been …………………………………………………….. .
is.. Heated
been.. Condesed
TRUE OR FALSE
more carbon atoms per
molecule
TRUE
State the formula of a molecule of substance
SO²
Substance C can be formed by burning an element in oxygen.
Write the word equation for this reaction.
hydrogen + oxygen → water
Give the letters of the two substances that can be formed by burning an
element in oxygen.
B And D
The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has increased since the Earth’s early
atmosphere was formed.
Explain what has caused this change.
- plants (grow/ evolve
(1) - photosynthesis
occurs (1)
Describe how the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere varies
within each year.
vice-versa
Describe the overall trend in the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s
atmosphere from 1985 to 2005.
Increase overtime
Why is this wire made of metal?
D) the metal conducts electricity
Which type of material would be most suitable for the insulation on this
household wire?
polymer
Explain, using information from Figure 10, why the ceramic is a suitable material
to make a cup that will contain a hot drink of tea or coffee.
drinks contain water,unreactive
Poly(ethene) has many uses in everyday life.
Large amounts of poly(ethene) are manufactured from ethene produced by
cracking fractions obtained from crude oil.
Poly(ethene) is used to make many objects.
After use it is necessary to dispose of the large amounts of poly(ethene) in
these objects.
Explain some of the problems associated with the manufacture and disposal
of poly(ethene).
Aspect 1: MANUFACTURE
*cracking requires a lot of energy
* crude oil is finite
Aspect 2: DISPOSAL
some polymers disposed of in landfill sites
* non-biodegradable
some plastic ends up as litter/ in oceans
* this may be hazardous to wildlife
greenhouse gases may cause global warming
How to calculate mass number?
neurone + protons
Describe what you would see if damp, blue litmus paper is placed into chlorine gas.
(blue litmus) (first turns) red (1)
* (then) turns white(1)
Describe what is meant by a covalent bond.
- {a pair of / two}
(electrons) that shared electron
Explain why chlorine is a gas, rather than a liquid, at room temperature.
boiling point is below room
temperature / has a low boiling (1)
point causes intermolecular forces (1)
State why the litmus paper turns red.
Contain hydrogen ion(h)
Estimate the melting point of iodine
20 - 301
Give the name of one halogen that would react with iron more vigorously
than bromine.
chlorine
