Physiology of the Eye Flashcards
What are the three main functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
Mechanical protection - shock-absorbing medium that protects brain tissue
Homeostatic function - transports hormones
Circulation - medium for minor exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and brain tissue
How is a clinical CSF analysis carried out?
Via lumbar puncture
Describe features of normal CSF.
Clear and colourless
Contains little protein
Contains little immunoglobulins
Only has 1-5 cells/ml
Which cells produce CSF?
Choroidal cells
Which ions need to be transported across the epithelium from the blood to the CSF in order for CSF to be secreted?
Sodium ions
Chloride ions
Bicarbonate ions
Hydrogen ions
Which ions are transported from the basolateral side to the apical side?
Sodium
Chloride
Is the production of CSF in the choroid plexus an active or passive process?
Active
is not directly dependent on the arterial BP
Which ventricles are connected by the Foramen of Munroe?
Lateral ventricles to third ventricle
Which ventricles are connected by the Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius?
Third ventricle to fourth ventricle
Which ventricles are connected by the Foramen of Magendie (median aperture) ?
Fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space
Which ventricles are connected by the Foramen of Luschka (lateral aperture) ?
Fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space
How does CSF flow to the third ventricle?
Through 2 narrow openings called the inter ventricular foramina
Which embryological structure gives rise to the adult brain’s ventricles?
Neural canal
What is the choroid plexus?
Networks of capillaries in the walls of ventricles
What is the role of the BBB?
Ensures that material between the blood and the cirulatroy system cannot exchage freely.
