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Ophthalmology > Orbit and Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves control movement of the eyeball?

A

CN 3, 4 and 6

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2
Q

Name the contents of the optic canal.

A

Optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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3
Q

How many bones make up the orbit of the eye?

A

7

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4
Q

Where do cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6 pass through in the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

Describe the shape of the orbit.

A

Pyramidal

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6
Q

Where is the axis of the orbit directed?

A

Anterolaterally

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7
Q

Where is the axis of the eyeball directed?

A

Anteriorly

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8
Q

Which parts of the orbit do blowout fractures affect?

A

Medial wall

Orbital floor

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9
Q

Name the most external part of the eye.

A

Orbicularis oculi

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10
Q

Which type of innervation does Meuller’s muscle supply?

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Which type of muscle is the superior tarsus muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

What do the tarsal glands secrete?

A

Lipids

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13
Q

What does the lacrimal gland produce?

A

Lacrimal fluid

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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15
Q

Which structure is responsible for closing the eyelids tightly?

A

Orbicularis oculi (orbital part)

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16
Q

The lacrimal gland is found in which part of each orbit?

A

Superolateral part

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17
Q

Lacrimal fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct into which nasal area?

A

Inferior meautus

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18
Q

What is the name of the ‘white part’ of the eye?

A

Sclera

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19
Q

What is the coloured part of the eye called?

A

Iris

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20
Q

What is the black part of the eye called?

A

Pupil

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21
Q

What is the name for the corneoscleral junction?

A

Limbus

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22
Q

What makes up the outer (fibrous) layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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23
Q

What makes up the middle (vascular) layer of the eye?

A

Iris

Ciliary body

Choroid

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24
Q

What makes up the inner (photosensitive) layer of the eyeball?

A

Macula

Optic disc

Retina

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25
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye found?

A

Between the cornea and iris

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26
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the eye found?

A

Between the iris and suspensory ligaments

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27
Q

What is found in the posterior segment of the eye?

A

The vitreous body

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28
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Clouding of the lens

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29
Q

Where does most of the blood supply to the eye come from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

30
Q

Which artery supplies the retina?

A

Central artery of the retina

31
Q

Which artery passes through the optic nerve?

A

Central artery of the retina

32
Q

Where are there no photoreceptors in the eye?

A

In the optic disc

33
Q

Where do the retinal veins and arteries lie?

A

Anterior to the retina

34
Q

Where does the inferior oblique muscle originate from?

A

The orbital plate of maxilla

35
Q

What is the somatic motor innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens

36
Q

What is the action of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Elevates the upper eyelid

37
Q

Which movement occurs in the vertical axis?

A

Abduction/adduction

38
Q

Which movement occurs in the transverse axis?

A

Elevation/depression

39
Q

Which movement occurs in the anteroposterior axis?

A

Intorsion/extorsion

40
Q

What is the only function of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abduct the eyeball

Innervated by abducens nerve

41
Q

What is the only function of the medial rectus muscle ?

A

Adduct the eyeball

Innervated by the occulomotor nerve

42
Q

Which parasympaethic ganglia are associated with the eyeball?

A

CIliary

43
Q

Which cranial nerve is the ciliary ganglion associated wit?

A

Occulomotor nerve (CN III)

44
Q

Name CN V1

A

Ophthalmic nerve

45
Q

Does the ophthalmic nerve supply sensory innervation, motor innervation or both?

A

ONLY sensory

46
Q

What do parasympathetic fibres do to the pupils?

A

Constrict them

47
Q

What do sympathetic fibres do to the pupils?

A

Dilate them

48
Q

When does the ciliary muscle contract?

A

In ‘near vision’

Parasympathetic

Ligament relaxes and lens becomes spherical to focus on near objects

49
Q

When does the ciliary muscle relax?

A

In ‘far vision’

No parasympathetics

Ligament tightens

50
Q

What are the 3 types of tears?

A

Basal

Reflex

Emotional

51
Q

Which enzyme to basal tears contain?

A

Lysozyme (hydrolyses bacterial cell walls)

52
Q

How many extraocular muscles are there?

A

7

53
Q

Name the 4 rectus muscles of the eye.

A

Superior rectus

Inferior rectus

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

54
Q

Name the 2 oblique muscles of the eye.

A

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique

55
Q

Name the elevator muscle of the eye.

A

Levator pelpebrae superioris

56
Q

Where do the rectus muscles originate from?

A

The common tendinous ring

57
Q

Where do the rectus muscle insert onto?

A

The sclera

58
Q

Where does the superior oblique muscle originate from?

A

The sphenoid bone

59
Q

Where does the inferior oblique originate from?

A

The orbital plate of maxilla

60
Q

Where does elevator palpebral superiors originate from?

A

The lesser wing of sphenoid

61
Q

Where does elevator palpebrae superioris insert onto?

A

The skin and tarsus of superior eyelid

62
Q

Where does sympathetic innervation exit the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2

63
Q

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

A

In the bony orbit

64
Q

Which nerve innervates the ciliary ganglion?

A

CN III

65
Q

Which nerve does Bells palsy affect?

A

CN VII

facial nerve

66
Q

Which muscle controls the closing of the eye?

A

Orbicularis Oculi

67
Q

Which nerve controls orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII

facial nerve

68
Q

Which syndrome compromises the sympathetic innervation to the eye?

A

Horner’s syndrome

69
Q

Would a lens need to be flat or rounded to see a far away object?

A

Flat

70
Q

When do ciliary muscles in the eye contract?

A

When looking at an object close up.

Ophthalmology (5 decks)

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