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Ophthalmology > Orbit and Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves control movement of the eyeball?

A

CN 3, 4 and 6

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2
Q

Name the contents of the optic canal.

A

Optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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3
Q

How many bones make up the orbit of the eye?

A

7

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4
Q

Where do cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6 pass through in the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

Describe the shape of the orbit.

A

Pyramidal

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6
Q

Where is the axis of the orbit directed?

A

Anterolaterally

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7
Q

Where is the axis of the eyeball directed?

A

Anteriorly

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8
Q

Which parts of the orbit do blowout fractures affect?

A

Medial wall

Orbital floor

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9
Q

Name the most external part of the eye.

A

Orbicularis oculi

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10
Q

Which type of innervation does Meuller’s muscle supply?

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Which type of muscle is the superior tarsus muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

What do the tarsal glands secrete?

A

Lipids

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13
Q

What does the lacrimal gland produce?

A

Lacrimal fluid

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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15
Q

Which structure is responsible for closing the eyelids tightly?

A

Orbicularis oculi (orbital part)

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16
Q

The lacrimal gland is found in which part of each orbit?

A

Superolateral part

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17
Q

Lacrimal fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct into which nasal area?

A

Inferior meautus

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18
Q

What is the name of the ‘white part’ of the eye?

A

Sclera

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19
Q

What is the coloured part of the eye called?

A

Iris

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20
Q

What is the black part of the eye called?

A

Pupil

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21
Q

What is the name for the corneoscleral junction?

A

Limbus

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22
Q

What makes up the outer (fibrous) layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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23
Q

What makes up the middle (vascular) layer of the eye?

A

Iris

Ciliary body

Choroid

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24
Q

What makes up the inner (photosensitive) layer of the eyeball?

A

Macula

Optic disc

Retina

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25
Where is the anterior chamber of the eye found?
Between the cornea and iris
26
Where is the posterior chamber of the eye found?
Between the iris and suspensory ligaments
27
What is found in the posterior segment of the eye?
The vitreous body
28
What is a cataract?
Clouding of the lens
29
Where does most of the blood supply to the eye come from?
Ophthalmic artery
30
Which artery supplies the retina?
Central artery of the retina
31
Which artery passes through the optic nerve?
Central artery of the retina
32
Where are there no photoreceptors in the eye?
In the optic disc
33
Where do the retinal veins and arteries lie?
Anterior to the retina
34
Where does the inferior oblique muscle originate from?
The orbital plate of maxilla
35
What is the somatic motor innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?
Abducens
36
What is the action of the levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevates the upper eyelid
37
Which movement occurs in the vertical axis?
Abduction/adduction
38
Which movement occurs in the transverse axis?
Elevation/depression
39
Which movement occurs in the anteroposterior axis?
Intorsion/extorsion
40
What is the only function of the lateral rectus muscle?
Abduct the eyeball Innervated by abducens nerve
41
What is the only function of the medial rectus muscle ?
Adduct the eyeball Innervated by the occulomotor nerve
42
Which parasympaethic ganglia are associated with the eyeball?
CIliary
43
Which cranial nerve is the ciliary ganglion associated wit?
Occulomotor nerve (CN III)
44
Name CN V1
Ophthalmic nerve
45
Does the ophthalmic nerve supply sensory innervation, motor innervation or both?
ONLY sensory
46
What do parasympathetic fibres do to the pupils?
Constrict them
47
What do sympathetic fibres do to the pupils?
Dilate them
48
When does the ciliary muscle contract?
In 'near vision' Parasympathetic Ligament relaxes and lens becomes spherical to focus on near objects
49
When does the ciliary muscle relax?
In 'far vision' No parasympathetics Ligament tightens
50
What are the 3 types of tears?
Basal Reflex Emotional
51
Which enzyme to basal tears contain?
Lysozyme (hydrolyses bacterial cell walls)
52
How many extraocular muscles are there?
7
53
Name the 4 rectus muscles of the eye.
Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus
54
Name the 2 oblique muscles of the eye.
Superior oblique Inferior oblique
55
Name the elevator muscle of the eye.
Levator pelpebrae superioris
56
Where do the rectus muscles originate from?
The common tendinous ring
57
Where do the rectus muscle insert onto?
The sclera
58
Where does the superior oblique muscle originate from?
The sphenoid bone
59
Where does the inferior oblique originate from?
The orbital plate of maxilla
60
Where does elevator palpebral superiors originate from?
The lesser wing of sphenoid
61
Where does elevator palpebrae superioris insert onto?
The skin and tarsus of superior eyelid
62
Where does sympathetic innervation exit the spinal cord?
T1-L2
63
Where is the ciliary ganglion located?
In the bony orbit
64
Which nerve innervates the ciliary ganglion?
CN III
65
Which nerve does Bells palsy affect?
CN VII | facial nerve
66
Which muscle controls the closing of the eye?
Orbicularis Oculi
67
Which nerve controls orbicularis oculi?
CN VII | facial nerve
68
Which syndrome compromises the sympathetic innervation to the eye?
Horner's syndrome
69
Would a lens need to be flat or rounded to see a far away object?
Flat
70
When do ciliary muscles in the eye contract?
When looking at an object close up.

Ophthalmology (5 decks)

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