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ENT > Physiology of taste and smell > Flashcards

Physiology of taste and smell Flashcards

1
Q

what is gustation?

A

physiology of taste

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2
Q

what are the organs of taste?

A

taste buds

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3
Q

where are most of the sensory receptors for taste?

A

in taste buds on tongue

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4
Q

2 types of cell in taste bud?

A

receptor cells and support cells

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5
Q

life span of taste receptor cells

A

10 days

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6
Q

where are taste buds present?

A

tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis

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7
Q

which papillae have taste buds?

A

fungiform
foliate
vallate

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8
Q

which papillae doesnt have taste buds?

A

filiform

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9
Q

what happens when a taste chemical binds to a receptor?

A

the cell ionic channels are altered and produce a depolarising receptor potential

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10
Q

what does the receptor potential do?

A

initiate action potentials in afferent nerve fibres

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11
Q

what do the afferent taste fibres reach the brainstem via?

A

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (anter 2/3rd tongue)

glossopharyngeal (posterior 1/3rd tongue)

vagus( areas other than tongue)

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12
Q

what are the 5 primary senses of taste?

A 
salty
sour
sweet
bitter
umami
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13
Q

what is ageusia?

A

loss of taste function

can be caused by nerve damage, local inflammation and endocrine disorders

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14
Q

what is Hypogeusia?

A

reduced taste function

caused by chemo and medication

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15
Q

what is dysgeusia?

A

distortion of taste

caused by glossitis, gum infection, reflux, tooth decay, chemo URTI

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16
Q

what is olfaction?

A

physiology of smell

17
Q

3 types of cell in oral mucosa?

A

olfactory receptor cells
supporting cells
basal cells

18
Q

which cells have specialised nerve endings of renewable afferent neurones

A

olfactory receptor cells

19
Q

what is special about each of the renewable afferernt neurones?

A

they have a thick short dendrite at and expanded end called an olfactory rod. and from these rods, cilia project to the surface of olfactory mucosa

20
Q

life span of olfactory receptors?

A

2 months

21
Q

what acts as precursors for new olfactory receptor cells?

A

basal cells

22
Q

what collectively makes the olfactory nerve?

A

axons of many olfactory receptors

23
Q

what do the axons of the olfactory receptors pierce to enter the olfactory bulbs?

A

cribiform plate

24
Q

what do the olfactory bulbs do?

A

transmit smell to brain

25
Q

to be smelled a substance must be..?

A

volatile and water soluble

26
Q

what is anosmia?

A

inability to smell

caused by viral infection, head trauma, nasal polyp

27
Q

what is hyposmia

A

reduced ability to smell

28
Q

what might hyposmia be a an early sign of?

A

parkinsons

29
Q

what is dysosmia?

A

altered sense of smell

ENT (9 decks)

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