microbiology of ENT infections

Question 1

what do you do to diagnose an infection in throat and phyranx?

Answer 1

take a throat swab

Question 2

what is the most common cause of a sore throat?

Answer 2

viral

Question 3

most common bacterial cause of sore throat?

Answer 3

strep.pyogenes

Question 4

describe strep. pyogenes?

Answer 4

gram positive cocci in chains, B-haemolysis

Question 5

what do you treat with if its a strep.pypgenes sore throat?

Answer 5

oral penicillin or clarthromycin if allergic

Question 6

what are the acute complications of a bacterial sore throat?

Answer 6

quinsy
sinusitis
otitis media
scarlet fever

Question 7

what are the late complications of a bacterial sore throat?

Answer 7

rheumatic fever

glomerulonephritis

Question 8

what bug causes diphtheria?

Answer 8

corynebacterium diphtheria

Question 9

what does the diphtheria organism produce?

Answer 9

an extotoxin which is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic

Question 10

severe sore throat with grey white membrane of phyarnx?

Answer 10

diphtheria

Question 11

how to treat diphtheria?

Answer 11

anti toxin and penicillin/erthrymycin

Question 12

white patches on red raw mucous

Answer 12

candida/thrush

Question 13

how to treat oral thrush?

Answer 13

nystatin suspension topically

Question 14

what is otitis media?

Answer 14

inflammation of middle ear

Question 15

what commonly causes infections of middle ear?

Answer 15

often viral with secondary bacterial infection

80% resolve in 4 days without antibiotics

Question 16

most common bacterial causes of middle ear infection?

Answer 16

H.influenzae

strep. pneumoniae
strep. pyogenes

Question 17

what is acute sinusitis ?

Answer 17

inflammation of frontal/maxillary sinuses due to congestion

Question 18

signs/symptoms for acute sinusitis

Answer 18

sever pain and tenderness

purulent nasal discharge -seocndarybacteria infection

Question 19

if complicated sinusitis how do you treat it?

Answer 19

1st line- penicllin

2nd line- doxycyline(but not in children)

Question 20

what is otitis externa?

Answer 20

inflammation of external ear canal

Question 21

bacterial causes of otitis externa?

Answer 21

staph.aureus
prtoeus spp
pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 22

fungal causes of otitis externa?

Answer 22

aspergillus niger

candida albicans

Question 23

if pseudomonas infection of outer ear how do you treat it?

Answer 23

topical gentamicin

Question 24

if fungal infection of outer ear how do you treat it?

Answer 24

clotrimazole

Question 25

what virus causes infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 25

Epstein Barr viris (EBV)- in herpes family

Question 26

``` "glandular fever" fever enlarged lymph nodes sore throat tonsilitis/pharyngitis malaise lethargy rash jaundice/hepatits splenomegaly ```

Answer 26

infectious mononucleosis

Question 27

complications of infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 27

``` anaemia thrombocytopenia splenic rupture increased risk of lymphoma upper airway obstruction ```

Question 28

what causes cold sore?

Answer 28

herpes simplex virus

Question 29

what is herpetic whitlow?

Answer 29

occupational hazard of dentistry and anaesthetics--wear gloves!!

Question 30

what type of herpes simplex virus causes oral lesions?

Answer 30

type 1

Question 31

vesicles/ulcers on soft palate?

Answer 31

herpangia

Question 32

what virus causes herpangia?

Answer 32

an enterovirus

Question 33

what causes hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 33

enterovirus

Question 34

recurring painful ulcers of mouth that are round or orval shaped and have inflammatory halos confined to mouth no systemic disease

Answer 34

apthous ulcers