Physiology of Surgery Flashcards
Provides information to the cardiopulmonary status of the patient
hemodynamic monitoring
Indications for arterial catheterization
continuous blood pressure monitoring or frequent arterial blood sampling
T/F there are no absolute contraindications to arterial catheterization
true
used to determine whether the patency of the radial or ulnar artery is normal. It is performed prior to radial cannulation or catheterisation
allen test
Most commonly used site for arterial catheterization because of dual blood supply, easy access, low complication rate
radial artery
Risk for catheters that have been in place for more than 4 days
infection
Potential complication of arterial catheterization resulting when the vessel has been punctured that causes a leak of blood into surrounding tissue that’s walled off
pseudoaneurysm
Indications for central venous catheterization
access for fluids/drugs, parenteral nutrition, and CVP monitoring
provides info about the relationship between intravascular volume and right ventricular function
CVP
Critical problem in seriously ill patients
determination of the proper amount of fluids and bloods necessary to maintain blood volume
Most common complication of central venous catheterization through subclavian vein
pneumothorax
Most common complication of central venous catheterization through internal jugular vein
puncture of carotid artery
Reflects ability of the cardiac pump to handle returning blood volume
CVP or right atrial pressure
What does a CVP between 0-3 indicate?
circulating blood volume is below the normal blood volume the heart can handle
What does a CVP between 8-20 indicate?
circulating blood volume is higher than the normal blood volume the heart can handle
Volume of air moved in or out of the lung in single breath
tidal volume
Maximal volume at expiration after a maximal inspiration
vital capacity
Total volume of air leaving
minute volume
Portion of tidal volume that doesn’t participated in gas exchange
dead space
Provides info about efficacy of gas exchange, adequacy of alveolar ventilation, acid/base status
blood gas analysis
Real time estimation of the arterial Hgb saturation
pulse oximetry
Excellent monitor of adequacy of perfusion
kidneys
Affected by GFR and urea production. Increased in TPN, GI bleeding, trauma, sepsis, steroid use. Lowered in starvation, liver dz.
BUN
More accurate than BUN. Inversely related to GFR. Not affected by protein or nitrogen production. Related to muscle mass
plasma creatinine
Used if values of plasma creatinine are affected by muscle disease. Most reliable method of assessing GFR
creatinine clearance
Reflects spontaneous and on-going electrical activity in the brain
electrophysiologic monitoring
Monitors cerebral blood flow and detects vasospasm
trans-cranial ultrasound
