Physiology Of Stress

Question 1

How does the sympathomedullary pathway work?

Answer 1

Stressor is detected -> hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system -> this causes adrenaline and noradrenaline to be released by the adrenal medulla -> prepares body for fight or flight response

Question 2

Is the sympathomedullary pathway a short-term or a long-term response?

Answer 2

Short term response

Question 3

What is the process of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal system?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus releases CRH -> causes the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH -> which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 4

Is the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal system a short-term or a long-term response to stress?

Answer 4

Long-term

Question 5

How does cortisol have an effect on the immune system?

Answer 5

Reduces immune system functioning (immunosuppression) = less protection from infection by viruses and bacteria and slower wound healing -> during stress everything is geared to dealing with the threat meaning that protection against infection and tissue repair waits until the emergency is over

Question 6

How does cortisol have an effect on glucose?

Answer 6

Maintains a steady supply of glucose in the bloodstream = ensures there is sufficient energy for the body to cope with a long-term stressor

Question 7

How does cortisol have an effect on pain?

Answer 7

Reduces sensitivity to pain = may become injured when dealing with the stressor -> lower pain sensitivity means the individual may not realise they have been injured ->enhances chance of survival