Physiology of Pain (Molliver) Flashcards
What is the distinction of nociception and pain? Describe the Transduction and transmission of pain and the 4 steps of it.
Nociception is the sensory detection and transmission occurring until pain is conscious awareness. Pain is the perception.
4 aspects of pain perception?
Definition of pain and nociception?
Don’t actually need pain to happen
Types of pain? 2 main types, + an example
How is chronic pain treated? How is it possibly caused?
Prolonged changes in nociceptive surfaced, causing lasting changes in PNS and CNS. Treat symptomatically.
What are three indications that pain is psychogenic?
Describe the 4 types of pain: Origin, Defined as, and examples
Three components of the PNS? What type of neurotransmitter and what do they perform?
What is the Trigeminal Ganlgion? What are the three innervations?
It contains the sensory cell bodies of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve.
What is a peripheral sensory neuron? (Pseudo-unipolar)
Direct input and output, with dorsal root ganglion.
Describe the DRG pathway with the spinal cord; including ventral and dorsal horns.
How does size affect conduction?
Where are nociceptors located in the skin? Why?
None in the brain because there is no sensory information
What is a receptive field and how does this relate to dermatomes?
Each sensory neuron innervates a particular tissue in the periphery.
This is the receptive field
The overlapping sensory neurons and DRG comprise a specific dermatome of the skin.
If a bundle of DRGs that go to a single segment of the spinal cord relate to their co-relation as neighbors in a single dermatome, why is a sciatic nerve for example, not follow this pattern?
What horn is nociceptive information contained?
Dorsal horn! That is sensation.
What is Biphasic pain; 1st pain and 2nd pain? And what are the afferent nociceptors responsible.
Unmylinated C fibers, (fire very quickly but only 1-2 seconds)
A delta: lightly milinated (15 to 30 meters per second, but imaging stubbing your toe.. only 1 meter away)
That’s why it takes a few seconds to feel pain.
Explain sensitization to repeated stimulation in free nerve endings
Example pebble in your shoe hurts after awhile
Describe pain modality between pricking, burning, visceral and relate them to nociceptor type.
What is an adequate stimulus?
Stimulus that trumps others. You can have multiple stimuli (mechanical, thermal, chemical) but one will always trump.
What is referred pain?
Pain perceived in another location, especially if strong pain response travels across dorsal horn somewhere else
What is adequate stimulus?
Three major molecular transducers for signal transduction in neurons
Describe ion channels? Directly cause? speed?
GCPRS?
Describe three major kinds of GPCRs.
Why do we get the itch with pre-workout, what does it relate to in class?
Activation of C-fibers! which lead to different kinds of itching.
Beta Alanine is an agonist to this.
What are TRP’s?
Transient receptor potential channels are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. TRP ion channels convert energy into action potentials in somatosensory nociceptors.
