Physiology Of Lactation LO

Question 1

Identify the key features on the surface of the breast

Answer 1

• nipple
• nipple ducts
• areolar
• montgomery’s tubercles

Question 2

Discuss anatomical changes that occur to the breast during puberty

Answer 2

• sexually dimorphism breast development: happens under influence of sex hormones, particularly progesterone and oestrogen
• breast development is usually the first secondary sex characteristic (proceeding pubic hair by 6 months)
• happens from ages of 8 1/2-13 1/2
• ductal development and branding, and lobular development occurs
• nipple size increases, and the primary areolar becomes pigmented
• cyclical changes occur

Question 3

Discuss anatomical changes that occur to the breast during pregnancy

Answer 3

• glandular development occurs under the influence of progesterone
• ductal development occurs under the influence of oestrogen
• colostrum is synthesised, but lactation is suppressed under the influence of placental hormones

Question 4

Explain the role of oxytocin in lactation

Answer 4

• RELEASES MILK
• works on muscle (myo-epithelial) cells to expel milk
• pulsatile action
• induces feelings of love and well-being
• levels are higher when baby is near
• can be temporarily inhibited by stress
• creates a feeling of well-being

Question 5

Explain the role of prolactin in lactation

Answer 5

• PRODUCES MILK
• the ‘order’ for milk to be made is sent to both breast even if only one is stimulated
• this explains why some form of local control (independent breasts) is also needed
• early frequent access to the breast is needed for milk production to be stimulated and maintained
• produces calmness and reduces stress
• stimulates mothering behaviour
• triggered through touch

Question 6

Explain the role of feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL)

Answer 6

• FIL is secreted as part of milk
• build up of FIL blocks milk production
• removing FIL allows milk production