Physiology Of Exercise And Adaptions To Exercise

Question 1

What is the size principle of muscle fibre recruitment ?

Answer 1

Motor units with smaller fibres contract first then larger fibres as more force is required.

Question 2

How does strength training cause muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 2

Strength training causes high concentric and eccentric forces which overload the muscle, this causes protein synthesis, hypertrophy of muscle fibre and increased T2 fibres.

Question 3

How does endurance training improve muscle?

Answer 3

It increases mitochondria, increases gas exchange availability and increases T1 muscle fibres.

Question 4

How does muscle repair at the cellular level?

Answer 4

when muscle is damaged in exercise, neutrophils infiltrate the injured muscle tissue and cause inflammation
phagocytes break down cellular debris
Regeneration occurs after around 4 days. Satellite cells become myoblasts which develop into muscle, whilst cell membranes repair.
Exercise training also increased anti-oxidant enzymes which prevent excessive muscle damage from free radicals.

Question 5

What happens to our lungs as we train?

Answer 5

Training increases bronchodilation and also improves ventilation