Physiology of Birth and Care

Question 1

The 5 P’s of Affecting Labor

Answer 1

• Power ( Contractions )
• Passenger ( Fetus )
• Passageway ( Pelvis )
• Position ( Of the fetus in relation to passage )
• Person ( Maternal well-being )

Question 2

Power

Answer 2

-Involuntary expels the fetus and placenta from uterus
- Fundal dominance, greatest and longest at fundus

Question 3

Passenger

Answer 3

• Size of head, presentation, lie, attitude, position

Question 4

Maternal changes during labor

Answer 4

-Cardiac output increases 10-30% in 1st stage, 50% in second

Question 5

Leopolds Maneuver

Answer 5

-Fetal part in the fundus
- Fetal part in the cervix
- Fetal lie ( spine line up )
- Expected location fetal HR

Question 6

Early / Latent Phase Nursing Care

Answer 6

• Comfort techniques, position change, fluids, focused breathing, relaxation

Question 7

What pushing is urged by providers in second stage?

Answer 7

• Closed glottis “silent” pushing
• Holding breath

Question 8

Open Glottis
( Valsava )

Answer 8

• To preserve fetal oxygen, use abdominal muscles
• Exhaling through pursed lips

Question 9

With signs of placental seperation …

Answer 9

• Very gentle traction of cord
• Never pull!
• Uterus is globular and firm
• Gush of blood
• Cord lengthens

Question 10

Cardinal Movements

Answer 10

1. Decent
2. Flexion
3. Internal Rotation
4. Extension
5. Resiutution
6. External Rotation
7. Expulsion