physiology nervous system Flashcards
examples of sensory functions
- transduction of environmental stimuli to electrical impulses
- information from skin, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, + special organs
examples of motor functions
- information to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
- autonomic nervous system
examples of integrative function
- processes incoming information to coordinate appropriate responses
- decides which incoming signals to discard, which to respond to, and which to commit to memory
Transduction of environmental stimuli into electrical impulses occurs at the ______ of pseudounipolar neurons.
sensory receptors
characteristics of sensory neurons
- Action potential generates at the 1st node of Ranvier
- Bipolar
- Pseudounipolar
characteristics of motor neurons
- Action potential generates at the axon hillock
- Multipolar
- Efferent
Which has immune and phagocytic functions in the central nervous system?
microglia
The dura mater continues into the peripheral nervous system as the ________.
epineurium
Nicotinic and Muscarinic are different types of _______ receptors
cholinergic
The small space between cells that transmitter substances must diffuse through is called the _____.
synaptic cleft
characteristics of pseudounipolar neurons
- type of cell body located in dorsal root ganglion
- somatic sensation
characteristics of multipolar neurons
- interneurons
- motor neuron
- located in anterior horn of spinal cord
characteristics of bipolar neurons
special senses (smell, vision, hearing)
The action potential triggers the opening of _______ in the bouton
voltage gated calcium channels
A neuron that makes and releases Norepinephrine is called _______
adrenergic
A group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a ______.
ganglion
Which makes myelin for neurons in the peripheral nervous system?
schwann cells
Action potentials summates to threshold at the _____ of the pseudounipolar neuron
1st node of ranvier
Which provides nutrition and support for neurons in the central nervous system?
astrocytes
A neuron that makes and releases Acetylcholine is called _______
cholinergic
characteristics of electrical synapses
- all cells activated simultaneously
- rapid, bidirectional
- found in cardiac muscle and single unit smooth muscle
characteristics of chemical synapses
- found between almost all neurons and at neuromuscular junction
- one direction: presynaptic to postsynaptic
- neurotransmitter diffuses across a fluid filled space
A group of neuronal axons in the central nervous system is called a ______.
tract
Which provides nutrition and support for neurons in the peripheral nervous system (in ganglia)?
satellite cells
The arachnoid mater continues into the peripheral nervous system as the ________.
perineurium
A neuron that makes and releases Dopamine is called _______
dopaminergic
The ______ carries action potentials away from the pseudounipolar cell body
central process
The connective tissues covering the central nervous system is called the ______.
meninges
Which makes myelin for neurons in the central nervous system?
oligodendrocytes
Action potentials summates to threshold at the _____ of the multipolar neuron.
axon hillock
A neuron that makes and releases Glutamate is called _______
glutaminergic
