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Exam Study Questions > Physiology 1 chapter 3 > Flashcards

Physiology 1 chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

physical division of the cell into 2 new daughter cells

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2
Q

When does cytokinesis occur?

A

telophase

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3
Q

How many chromosomes does a human cell have at the end of anaphase?

A

92

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4
Q

What directs the splicing of precursor mRNA for post transcription modification?

A

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

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5
Q

precursor mRNA definition

A

originally transcribed single strand is large and immature. Must be spliced down

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6
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA) description

A

carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

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7
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA) description

A

carries activated amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins

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8
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) description

A

joins with ribosomes to form proteins

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9
Q

MicroRNA description

A

very short, single strand of RNA that regulates activity for gene transcription and translation

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10
Q

What is located where 2 chromatids meet in a single chromosome?

A

Centromere

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11
Q

What is located at the ends of the chromatids to protect them from degrading?

A

telomere

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12
Q

How many chromosomes does a typical human gamete cell contain?

A

23

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13
Q

When are the sister chromatids pulled apart into their own individual chromosomes?

A

anaphase

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14
Q

What is the first thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

duplication of all DNA in the chromosomes

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15
Q

What is the second thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

formation of spindle and condensation of chromosomes

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16
Q

What is the third thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

nuclear envelope fragments

17
Q

What is the fourth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle forms

18
Q

What is the fifth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

separation of the 46 pairs of chromatids into 46 daughter chromosomes

19
Q

What is the sixth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

A

mitotic apparatus dissolves, new nuclear membrane forms

20
Q

what is formed in the cytoplasm and grows the microtubules that accomplish mitosis?

A

centrosome

21
Q

how many chromosomes does a typical human cell in prophase contain?

A

46

22
Q

what type of RNA forms the peptide bonds that unite amino acids?

A

rRNA

23
Q

when does the mitotic spindle disappear as new nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus?

A

telophase

24
Q

what is the order of events that take place for cell reproducing?

A
  1. replication
  2. prophase
  3. prometaphase
  4. metaphase
  5. anaphase
  6. telophase
25
Q

when do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell as the microtubules of the centrosome connect to each centromere?

A

metaphase

26
Q

what contributes to the mitotic spindle/apparatus?

A

centrosomes, chromatids, microtubules

27
Q

what does NOT contribute to the mitotic spindle?

A

telomere

28
Q

how many chromosomes are in atypical human cell in interphase?

A

46

29
Q

when does the replicated DNA condense into chromosomes?

A

prophase

30
Q

what is a small molecule that typically inhibits or decreases activity of gene transcription or translation?

A

miRNA

31
Q

how many chromosomes does a typical human cell have at the beginning of telophase?

A

92

32
Q

what are the areas/components of a chromatid?

A

histone protein, telomere, centromere, DNA helix

33
Q

replication

A

duplication of all the DNA in the chromosomes occurs

34
Q

prophase

A

spindle forms and chromosomes condense

35
Q

prometaphase

A

the nuclear envelope is fragmented as microtubules attach aster to chromatids at centromeres

36
Q

metaphase

A

chromatids form the equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle

37
Q

anaphase

A

the 46 pairs of chromatids are separated into 46 daughter chromosomes

38
Q

telophase

A

the mitotic apparatus dissolves, new nuclear membrane forms around each daughter chromosome

39
Q

when does a cell contain 92 chromosomes?

A

anaphase

Exam Study Questions (8 decks)

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