Physiology 1 chapter 3

Question 1

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 1

physical division of the cell into 2 new daughter cells

Question 2

When does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 2

telophase

Question 3

How many chromosomes does a human cell have at the end of anaphase?

Answer 3

92

Question 4

What directs the splicing of precursor mRNA for post transcription modification?

Answer 4

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 5

precursor mRNA definition

Answer 5

originally transcribed single strand is large and immature. Must be spliced down

Question 6

Messenger RNA (mRNA) description

Answer 6

carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 7

Transfer RNA (tRNA) description

Answer 7

carries activated amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins

Question 8

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) description

Answer 8

joins with ribosomes to form proteins

Question 9

MicroRNA description

Answer 9

very short, single strand of RNA that regulates activity for gene transcription and translation

Question 10

What is located where 2 chromatids meet in a single chromosome?

Answer 10

Centromere

Question 11

What is located at the ends of the chromatids to protect them from degrading?

Answer 11

telomere

Question 12

How many chromosomes does a typical human gamete cell contain?

Answer 12

23

Question 13

When are the sister chromatids pulled apart into their own individual chromosomes?

Answer 13

anaphase

Question 14

What is the first thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 14

duplication of all DNA in the chromosomes

Question 15

What is the second thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 15

formation of spindle and condensation of chromosomes

Question 16

What is the third thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 16

nuclear envelope fragments

Question 17

What is the fourth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 17

equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle forms

Question 18

What is the fifth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 18

separation of the 46 pairs of chromatids into 46 daughter chromosomes

Question 19

What is the sixth thing that occurs during cell reproduction?

Answer 19

mitotic apparatus dissolves, new nuclear membrane forms

Question 20

what is formed in the cytoplasm and grows the microtubules that accomplish mitosis?

Answer 20

centrosome

Question 21

how many chromosomes does a typical human cell in prophase contain?

Answer 21

46

Question 22

what type of RNA forms the peptide bonds that unite amino acids?

Answer 22

rRNA

Question 23

when does the mitotic spindle disappear as new nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus?

Answer 23

telophase

Question 24

what is the order of events that take place for cell reproducing?

Answer 24

1. replication
2. prophase
3. prometaphase
4. metaphase
5. anaphase
6. telophase

Question 25

when do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell as the microtubules of the centrosome connect to each centromere?

Answer 25

metaphase

Question 26

what contributes to the mitotic spindle/apparatus?

Answer 26

centrosomes, chromatids, microtubules

Question 27

what does NOT contribute to the mitotic spindle?

Answer 27

telomere

Question 28

how many chromosomes are in atypical human cell in interphase?

Answer 28

46

Question 29

when does the replicated DNA condense into chromosomes?

Answer 29

prophase

Question 30

what is a small molecule that typically inhibits or decreases activity of gene transcription or translation?

Answer 30

miRNA

Question 31

how many chromosomes does a typical human cell have at the beginning of telophase?

Answer 31

92

Question 32

what are the areas/components of a chromatid?

Answer 32

histone protein, telomere, centromere, DNA helix

Question 33

replication

Answer 33

duplication of all the DNA in the chromosomes occurs

Question 34

prophase

Answer 34

spindle forms and chromosomes condense

Question 35

prometaphase

Answer 35

the nuclear envelope is fragmented as microtubules attach aster to chromatids at centromeres

Question 36

metaphase

Answer 36

chromatids form the equatorial plate of the mitotic spindle

Question 37

anaphase

Answer 37

the 46 pairs of chromatids are separated into 46 daughter chromosomes

Question 38

telophase

Answer 38

the mitotic apparatus dissolves, new nuclear membrane forms around each daughter chromosome

Question 39

when does a cell contain 92 chromosomes?

Answer 39

anaphase