Physiology- male + female Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis
A
- hypothalamus secretes GnRH
- GnRH causes ant. pituitary to secrete LH + FSH
- LH + FSH travel to the gonads
- LH causes secretion of estrogen + progesterone/testosterone
- FSH causes release of ova/secretion of Androgen Binding H (ABH) + inhibin
* -ve feedback control
* estrogen +ve feedback day 12-14 cycle
2
Q
What is oogenesis?
A
The production of an ovum;
- oognium (stem cells) undergo mitotic devision to primary oocytes
- primary oocytes undergo miosis, but arrest in prophase
- with each cycle a primary oocyte completes miosis and releases a haploid secondary oocyte, at ovulation
- the extra genetic material is the first polar body
- secondary oocyte completes meotic devision when fertilised, producing mature ovum
- also producing second polar body
3
Q
What are the functions of;
seminiferous tubule,
germ cells,
sertoli cells,
interstitial (Leydig) cells?
A
- seminiferous tubule- site of spermatogenesis
- germ cells- produce sperm
- sertoli cells- support sperm producing cells,
produce inhibin - interstitial (Leydig) cells- produce testosterone
4
Q
What is spermatogenesis?
A
The production of a mature spermatozoa
- diploid spermatogonia undergoes mitosis to 2 primary spermatocytes
- each primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis to 2 secondary spermatocytes
- each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to 2 spermatids
- spermatids undergo spermiogenesis to spermatozoa
5
Q
What is the process of ejactulation?
A
- sperm produced in testicles
- sperm travel through vas deferens to urethra
- seminal vesicles and prostate create semen, which travel along with sperm to urethra
- sperm + semen travel along urethra and are ejactulated out of penis
6
Q
What factors affect oogenesis/spermatogenesis?
A
- problems with hormonal control
- genetic
- tumours
- medication
- functional
- problems with site of production
- genetic
- cancer treatment
- surgery
- trauma
- infections
