Ovarian Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
How many cases of ovarian cancer are there a year in Scotland + what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
- 600 cases per year in Scotland
- 30% survival rate- at all stages
2
Q
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
A
- HNPCC /Lynch type II familial cancer syndrome
- BRAC1
- BRAC2
- ‘incessant ovulation’
* rare < 30 years
* OCP protective
3
Q
What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?
A
- indigestion, early satiety, poor appetite
- altered bowel habit/pain
- bloating, discomfort, weight gain
- pelvic mass
- asymptomatic
- pressure symptoms
* VAGUE symptoms
4
Q
What are the investigations for ovarian cancer?
A
- US abdomen + pelvis
- CT scan
- CA 125 blood test (high level)
- surgery
5
Q
What is CA 125?
A
- glycoprotein antigen
- can indicate malignancy
- ovary (50% with stage 1, then 80%)
- breast
- colon/pancreas
- can indicate bengin conditions
- menstuation, endometriosis, PID
- liver disease, effusions, recent surgery
- used to detect and monitor epithelial ovarian tumours
6
Q
How is the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) for ovarian cancer calculated?
A
RMI = U x M x CA 125
- Ultrasound featuress
- multi-locular
- solid areas
- bilateral
- ascites
- intra-abdominal
- Menopausal status
- CA 125 level
7
Q
What are the 4 stages of ovarian cancer?
A
- limited to ovaries with capsual intact/- cytology
- one/both ovaries with pelvic extension
- one/both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside pelvis or + nodes
- distant metastasis
8
Q
What is the treatment for ovarian cancer?
A
- surgery- laparotomy
- obtain tissue diagnosis
- stage disease
- disease clearance
- debulk disease
- chemotherapy (adjuvant/neo-adjuvant)
- platinum + taxane (Taxol)
- within 8 weeks of surgery
- average response 2 years
- Tamoxifen (for recurrence)
9
Q
What are the cure rates for ovarian cancer?
A
- 85%
- 47%
- 15%
- 10%
