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PharmD Program Semester 1 > Physiology Immune System > Flashcards

Physiology Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Immune system physical barriers

A

Skin

Mucous linings

Ciliated epithelium

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2
Q

Immune system chemical barriers

A

Lysozyme

Acids

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3
Q

Immune system mechanical barriers

A

Physical removal of pathogens

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4
Q

Innate immunity

A

Immediate response, responds to a range of signals

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5
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Stronger response, attack specific pathogen or antigen and have memory of last illnesses

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6
Q

Four step in immune response

A

Detect and identify

Communicate with other immune cells

Recruit other immune cells and coordinate response

Destroy or suppress invader

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7
Q

Lymphoid tissues

A

Bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, and tonsils

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8
Q

Thymus

A

Glandular organ near the heart which activates T lymphocytes

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9
Q

Bone marrow

A

Blood-producing tissue located in certain bones

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10
Q

Spleen

A

Filter for the blood

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11
Q

Red pulp

A

Macrophages remove old and damaged red blood cells and trap and destroy infectious agents

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12
Q

White pulp

A

Lymphocytes

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13
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Collect fluid that has filtered out of the blood into the tissues and returns it to circulation

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14
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Permanent aggregate of immune cells that filter out dead cells and antigens to present to lymphocytes

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15
Q

Granulocytes

A

Eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, and neutrophils

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16
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Monocytes and macrophages

Lymphocytes

Dendritic cells

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17
Q

Morphological grouping

A

Granulocytes carry granules laden with killer chemicals

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18
Q

Phagocytes

A

Engulf and digest invaders

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19
Q

Cytotoxic

A

Attack and kill

20
Q

Antigen-presenting cells

A

Display foreign particles on surface

21
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes system

A

Macrophages in tissue and parent monocytes in blood

22
Q

Eosinophils

A

Allergic reactions and parasitic diseases

23
Q

Basophils and mast cells

A

Release histamine, inflammation, and innate immunity response

24
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytic and release cytokines and inflammatory mediators

25
Q

Monocytes

A

Mature to tissue macrophages, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting cells

26
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Acquired immunity

27
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Found at interface between external and internal environments and antigen-presenting cells

28
Q

Myeloblast

A

Immature white blood cell in the bone marrow and becomes granulocytes

29
Q

Lymphoblast

A

Precursor of lymphocytes

30
Q

Development of T lymphocytes

A

Migrate from bone thymus to mature

31
Q

Development of B lymphocytes

A

Mature in bone marrow

32
Q

Development of natural killer cells

A

Develop in bone marrow and other tissues

33
Q

What causes the development of lymphocytes

A

Adaptive immune response

34
Q

Chemotaxins

A

Stimulate increased inflammatory cell migration in the tissues and increases the inflammatory cascade

35
Q

Opsonins

A

Facilitate recognition, binding, ingestion, and killing of microorganisms by phagocytes

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Ingest foreign cells and chemicals

37
Q

Inflammation

A

Infection or tissue damage that stimulates local non-specific reactions

38
Q

Innate immunity macrophage

A

Attracted to infection site by chemicals from dying cells

After ingesting, they wear pieces of it so other immune system cells know what to target

39
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Secrete interferons

Protect against viral infections, cancer

Kill cells by using perforin to make holes in cell membrane of target cell which then lyse the cell

40
Q

Beneficial roles of inflammation

A

Attract immune cells and chemical mediators

Create physical barriers to prevent infection spread

Promote tissue repair

41
Q

Acute-phase proteins

A

Help prevent tissue damage

Increase supply during infection and inflammation

42
Q

Interleukins

A

Communication between leukocytes through fever, increased vessel permeability, and stimulation of liver to produce acute phase proteins

43
Q

Bradykinin

A

Pain and swelling

44
Q

Complement proteins

A

Complement work of antibodies in destroying bacteria

45
Q

Membrane attack complex

A

Complement proteins insert into membrane, creating pores

Water and ions enter pathogen through pores

Cell swells and lyses

PharmD Program Semester 1 (11 decks)

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