Biochemistry Chapter 8 and 22

Question 1

Chemical structure of pyrimidine and purine

Answer 1

Pyrimidine: Benzyl ring with two nitrogens spaced by a carbon

Purine: Same base but with a separate ring with two nitrogens and a carbon

Question 2

Major purines

Answer 2

Adenine: Purine with amine group up top on the base ring

Guanine: Purine with Oxygen at the top on the base ring and an amine on the bottom left carbon on the base ring

Question 3

Major Pyrimidines

Answer 3

Cytosine: Base pyrimidine with Nitrate group up top and oxygen group bottom left

Thymine: Base pyrimidine with oxygen up top and down left and a methyl group top right

Uracil: Base pyrimidine with oxygen up top and bottom left

Question 4

Nucleoside vs Nucleotide

Answer 4

Big difference is that nucleotides have a phosphoric acid and nucleosides do not

Question 5

Naming scheme of nucleotides

Answer 5

Mono: -mp, ex. AMP, GMP
Di: -dp, ex. ADP, GDP
Tri: -tp, ex. ATP, GTP

Question 6

Common nucleotides and their functions

Answer 6

dATP, dGTP, etc: DNA structure

ATP, GTP, etc: RNA structure

ATP, GTP separate: Energy carriers

Cyclic AMP, GTP: Second messengers/signaling molecules

NAD/NADH, NADP/NADPH, FAD/FADH2, and CoA: Coenzymes/cofactors, and electron carriers

Question 7

What joins two nucleotides

Answer 7

A phosphodiester bond