Physiology II Test 3 Review 1

Question 1

Hydrochloric acid is produced through (driving force for HCL secretion in stomach - potassium - hydrogen pump)

Answer 1

Hydrogen-potassium pump

Question 2

Which of these can cause increased heat production?

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

The ability of the hypothalamus to regulate temperature is lost

Answer 3

85 F

Question 4

Layers of the gut wall

Answer 4

Serosa
Longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Myenteric plexus
Circular smooth muscle layer
Meissner's plexus
Mucosa

Question 5

GI tract is mostly regulated by which ion?

Answer 5

Calcium

Question 6

Cells of Cajal

Answer 6

Pacemakers

Question 7

What would NOT cause tonic contractions?

Answer 7

Food in the gut wall

Question 8

What controls the external anal sphincter?

Answer 8

Somatic innervation from the pudendal nerve

Question 9

Voluntary phase of swallowing ends in the

Answer 9

Esophagus

Question 10

T or F Parietal cells secrete pepsinogen

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is the concentration of ions during maximal secretion?

Answer 11

Sodium and chloride increase and potassium decreases

Question 12

T or F The cerebellum learns from its mistakes

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Release histamine

Answer 13

Enterochromaffin-like cells

Question 14

Accounts for 60% of gastric secretions

Answer 14

Gastric phase

Question 15

Secretions are mainly serous

Answer 15

Parotid gland

Question 16

Blood flow to the liver

Answer 16

Portal vein and hepatic arteries

Question 17

Does not require energy

Answer 17

Bicarbonate pump

Question 18

The set point is

Answer 18

31.7 C

Question 19

T or F Meissner’s plexus consists of smooth muscle

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Which of the following does not result in heat production?

Answer 20

Sweating

Question 21

What controls the set point?

Answer 21

Skin temperature

Question 22

The striatum consists of the Caudate and the

Answer 22

Putamen

Question 23

Receives signals for skin temperature

Answer 23

Anterior hypothalamus

Question 24

List factors that cause depolarization

Answer 24

All of the above

• Stretching of muscle
• Stimulation by acetylcholine (parasympathetic via vagus nerve) or circulating
• Stimulation by specific GI hormones

Question 25

T or F A person can withstand temperatures of 130 F when the air is 100% humidified

Answer 25

False

Question 26

T or F Anterior hypothalamus primarily detects cold sensations?

Answer 26

True?

Question 27

Enterogastric, colonoilial and gastrocolic reflexes are

Answer 27

Gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglion then back to GI

Question 28

_____ core body heat to skin surface at -75 F

Answer 28

?

Question 29

T or F Peripheral temp detection relies on cool/cold instead of warm

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Heating what results in sweating, vasodilation and inhibition of heat production

Answer 30

Anterior hypothalamic area

Question 31

T or F Cooling anterior hypothalamic are increases thyrotropin releasing hormone, leading to increase thyroxine output

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Critical core temp

Answer 32

37.1 C

Question 33

Stimuli for pepsinogen secretion

Answer 33

All of the above - Acid in the stomach - Vagus nerves - Gastric enteric plexus

Question 34

Causitive of fever

Answer 34

All of the above - Brain abnormalities - Surgery in hypothalamus - Prostaglandins - LPS toxins

Question 35

T or F Smooth muscle of gut wall has spike waves occurring automatically when resting potential becomes more + than -40mV

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is the concentration of ions during maximal secretion?

Answer 36

[Na+, Cl-] = 1/2-2/3 plasma; [K+] = 4x plasma

Question 37

Net ATP gain from glycolysis

Answer 37

2

Question 38

How many high energy phosphate bonds are needed to form peptide linkage

Answer 38

4

Question 39

When substrate concentration is high

Answer 39

Reaction rate is determined almost entirely by concentration of enzyme

Question 40

Major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism in the body

Answer 40

ADP

Question 41

The maximum number of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is

Answer 41

38

Question 42

Amount of free energy in each high energy bond per mole of ATP under biological conditions

Answer 42

Exergonic: 12,000

Question 43

Large amount of fluid in abdominal cavity

Answer 43

Ascites

Question 44

Increases liver resistance to blood flow

Answer 44

Cirrhosis

Question 45

Which of the following is correct?

Answer 45

Liver has high blood flow and low vascular resistance

Question 46

Found between endothelial cells and hepatocytes

Answer 46

Space of Disse

Question 47

Major pigment in bile

Answer 47

Bilirubin

Question 48

Heme is converted by heme oxygenase into

Answer 48

Biliverdin

Question 49

All of the following are characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome except:

Answer 49

``` Don't know answer. Metabolic syndrome causes: Obesity (esp abd and omental fat) Insulin resistance Fasting hyperglycemia Increased lipid triglycerides Decreased HDL levels Hypertension Cardiovascular disease ```

Question 50

Transport mechanism in the liver

Answer 50

Carnitine

Question 51

Pepsinogen is secreted by parietal cells

Answer 51

False

Question 52

External anal sphincter innervation

Answer 52

Somatic via pudendal

Question 53

Driving force for HCL secretion in stomach

Answer 53

Potassium hydrogen pump

Question 54

Blood supply to liver

Answer 54

A and B only | Portal vein, hepatic arteries

Question 55

HCL secretion which does not require energy

Answer 55

Bicarbonate chloride exchanger

Question 56

Ion channel primarily responsible for GI smooth muscle action potential

Answer 56

Calcium

Question 57

HCL secretion in stomach stimulated by

Answer 57

Histamine

Question 58

Layers of gut wall from in to out

Answer 58

Mucosa Lamina propia Submucosa Circular muscle layer

Question 59

First defense against infection

Answer 59

Local macrophages

Question 60

T or F Normally, about 90% of erythropoietin is formed in the liver

Answer 60

False, mostly formed in the kidneys, remainder if formed in liver

Question 61

How is iron transported in the blood?

Answer 61

When bound to transferrin

Question 62

How is B12 able to be absorbed by the gut

Answer 62

Has to be attached to intrinsic factor

Question 63

What cells contain lysosomes that contain large amounts of lipase, which can digest thick lipid membranes

Answer 63

Macrophages