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Physiology 2 > Physiology II Test 3 Review 1 > Flashcards

Physiology II Test 3 Review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrochloric acid is produced through (driving force for HCL secretion in stomach - potassium - hydrogen pump)

A

Hydrogen-potassium pump

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2
Q

Which of these can cause increased heat production?

A

All of the above

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3
Q

The ability of the hypothalamus to regulate temperature is lost

A

85 F

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4
Q

Layers of the gut wall

A 
Serosa
Longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Myenteric plexus
Circular smooth muscle layer
Meissner's plexus
Mucosa
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5
Q

GI tract is mostly regulated by which ion?

A

Calcium

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6
Q

Cells of Cajal

A

Pacemakers

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7
Q

What would NOT cause tonic contractions?

A

Food in the gut wall

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8
Q

What controls the external anal sphincter?

A

Somatic innervation from the pudendal nerve

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9
Q

Voluntary phase of swallowing ends in the

A

Esophagus

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10
Q

T or F Parietal cells secrete pepsinogen

A

False

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11
Q

What is the concentration of ions during maximal secretion?

A

Sodium and chloride increase and potassium decreases

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12
Q

T or F The cerebellum learns from its mistakes

A

True

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13
Q

Release histamine

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells

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14
Q

Accounts for 60% of gastric secretions

A

Gastric phase

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15
Q

Secretions are mainly serous

A

Parotid gland

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16
Q

Blood flow to the liver

A

Portal vein and hepatic arteries

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17
Q

Does not require energy

A

Bicarbonate pump

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18
Q

The set point is

A

31.7 C

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19
Q

T or F Meissner’s plexus consists of smooth muscle

A

False

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20
Q

Which of the following does not result in heat production?

A

Sweating

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21
Q

What controls the set point?

A

Skin temperature

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22
Q

The striatum consists of the Caudate and the

A

Putamen

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23
Q

Receives signals for skin temperature

A

Anterior hypothalamus

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24
Q

List factors that cause depolarization

A

All of the above

  • Stretching of muscle
  • Stimulation by acetylcholine (parasympathetic via vagus nerve) or circulating
  • Stimulation by specific GI hormones
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25
Q

T or F A person can withstand temperatures of 130 F when the air is 100% humidified

A

False

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26
Q

T or F Anterior hypothalamus primarily detects cold sensations?

A

True?

27
Q

Enterogastric, colonoilial and gastrocolic reflexes are

A

Gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglion then back to GI

28
Q

_____ core body heat to skin surface at -75 F

A

?

29
Q

T or F Peripheral temp detection relies on cool/cold instead of warm

A

True

30
Q

Heating what results in sweating, vasodilation and inhibition of heat production

A

Anterior hypothalamic area

31
Q

T or F Cooling anterior hypothalamic are increases thyrotropin releasing hormone, leading to increase thyroxine output

A

True

32
Q

Critical core temp

A

37.1 C

33
Q

Stimuli for pepsinogen secretion

A

All of the above

  • Acid in the stomach
  • Vagus nerves
  • Gastric enteric plexus
34
Q

Causitive of fever

A

All of the above

  • Brain abnormalities
  • Surgery in hypothalamus
  • Prostaglandins
  • LPS toxins
35
Q

T or F Smooth muscle of gut wall has spike waves occurring automatically when resting potential becomes more + than -40mV

A

True

36
Q

What is the concentration of ions during maximal secretion?

A

[Na+, Cl-] = 1/2-2/3 plasma; [K+] = 4x plasma

37
Q

Net ATP gain from glycolysis

A

2

38
Q

How many high energy phosphate bonds are needed to form peptide linkage

A

4

39
Q

When substrate concentration is high

A

Reaction rate is determined almost entirely by concentration of enzyme

40
Q

Major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism in the body

A

ADP

41
Q

The maximum number of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is

A

38

42
Q

Amount of free energy in each high energy bond per mole of ATP under biological conditions

A

Exergonic: 12,000

43
Q

Large amount of fluid in abdominal cavity

A

Ascites

44
Q

Increases liver resistance to blood flow

A

Cirrhosis

45
Q

Which of the following is correct?

A

Liver has high blood flow and low vascular resistance

46
Q

Found between endothelial cells and hepatocytes

A

Space of Disse

47
Q

Major pigment in bile

A

Bilirubin

48
Q

Heme is converted by heme oxygenase into

A

Biliverdin

49
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome except:

A 
Don't know answer.
Metabolic syndrome causes:
Obesity (esp abd and omental fat)
Insulin resistance
Fasting hyperglycemia
Increased lipid triglycerides
Decreased HDL levels
Hypertension
Cardiovascular disease
50
Q

Transport mechanism in the liver

A

Carnitine

51
Q

Pepsinogen is secreted by parietal cells

A

False

52
Q

External anal sphincter innervation

A

Somatic via pudendal

53
Q

Driving force for HCL secretion in stomach

A

Potassium hydrogen pump

54
Q

Blood supply to liver

A

A and B only

Portal vein, hepatic arteries

55
Q

HCL secretion which does not require energy

A

Bicarbonate chloride exchanger

56
Q

Ion channel primarily responsible for GI smooth muscle action potential

A

Calcium

57
Q

HCL secretion in stomach stimulated by

A

Histamine

58
Q

Layers of gut wall from in to out

A

Mucosa
Lamina propia
Submucosa
Circular muscle layer

59
Q

First defense against infection

A

Local macrophages

60
Q

T or F Normally, about 90% of erythropoietin is formed in the liver

A

False, mostly formed in the kidneys, remainder if formed in liver

61
Q

How is iron transported in the blood?

A

When bound to transferrin

62
Q

How is B12 able to be absorbed by the gut

A

Has to be attached to intrinsic factor

63
Q

What cells contain lysosomes that contain large amounts of lipase, which can digest thick lipid membranes

A

Macrophages

Physiology 2 (4 decks)

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