Physiology II Test 2 Review Flashcards
Most output neurons from the cerebral cortex originate from which of the following cortical layers?
V and VI
Which of the following landmarks demarcates the sensory cortex from the cortex?
The central sulcus
The major area for language comprehension is
Wernicke’s area
The corpus callosum is the major commissure connecting the two halves of the cerebral hemispheres. If cut, which is NOT true?
Only the right side of the brain can understand both the written word and the spoken word
Small, unmyelinated fibers that conduct signal at a slow velocity are
C fibers
T or F Broca’s area is almost always dominant on the R side of brain
False
T or F Memory of various details of an integrated thought that might include memory…..
True
A memory system that has been discovered in the sea snail….
Serotonin
All the output neurons that are stimulated by an incoming fiber comprise the
Discharge zone
A diverging neuronal pathway can be used to
Both A and B
Amplify the incoming signal
Transmit the incoming signal
Circuit D shown is example
Reverbatory Circuit
Which of the following statements best describes the location of the area of the somatosensory cortex that processes the sensation from the lips?
Lateral side of the somatosensory cortex about two-thirds the distance from the sagittal sulcus
In typical sensory pathways, tertiary (third order) neurons typically terminate in
Somatosensory cortex
In typical sensory pathways, decussation occurs at what level?
Secondary (second order neurons)
Critical types of tactile signals, such as two-point discrimination are transmitted through which of the following?
Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
T or F Fast pain is felt 1 second after application and increases over several seconds
False
T or F Generally, fast pain is elicited by mechanical and thermal stimuli; slow pain can be elicited by mechanical, thermal and chemical
True
In the slow-chronic paleospinothalamic pathway a small number of fibers pass all the way to the thalamus but most fibers terminate
In the reticular formation
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the analgesia system
Nucleus ruber
T or F All visceral pain originating in the thoracic and abdominal cavities is (transmitted) through Ad (Alphadelta) fibers.
False
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Brown-Sequard syndrome
Sensations of pain, heat and cold are lost on the side of the transection below the level of transection
Which of the following stimuli can cause headace
All of the above
Stretching or tearing of meninges
Crushing or stretching of blood vessels
Inflammation of nasal sinuses
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding thermal signals
Thermal signals are transmitted via the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
Wernicke’s area is located in which love of the cerebral cortex
Temporal
Primary neurons carrying two-point discrimination sensations from the upper limbs synapse where?
Nucleus cuneatus
T or F Spatial summation increasing signal strength is transmitted by using progressively greater numbers of fibers
True
Aggregations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites in the peripheral nervous system are called
Ganglia
The cell bodies of primary sensory neurons are located
In the dorsal root ganglia
Incoming sensory signals excite which neuronal layers of the cerebral cortex first?
IV
The total refractive power of human eye is about
60 diopters
T or F The peripheral area of the retina is more sensitive to weak light
True
An eyeball that is too short or a lens system that is too weak will cause the light rays coming from distant objects to be focused behind the retina. Referred to as…
Hyperopia
The impingement of photons on a rod cell in the retina will cause rhodopsin to dissociate into which
Scotopsin and all-trans retinal
Which of the following statements regarding ion flow through rod membranes in dark is FALSE
The inside rod membrane has a potential of -70mV
Which of the following cell types respond to rapid changes in the visual image?
Y type ganglion cells
In the rods, cGMP sodium gates are closed when phosphodiesterase is activated by which of the following
Transducin
Axons of which of the following cells make up the optic nerve
Ganglion cells
Which of the following cells is not part of 3-neuron pathway in foveal region of the retina is
Amacrine cells
Which of the following is the NT used by rod and cone cells to transmit to bipolar cells
glutamate
More than half of the ganglion cells are of the X type. Which is NOT characteristic of X types of ganglion cells?
They have extensive fields
T or F The magnocellular region of the lateral geniculate nucleus is responsible for transmitting color
False
The primary visual cortex is made up of how many layers?
6
T or F When the lens is in a relaxed state with no tension on it, it is almost spherical
True
How much of the signal is allowed to pass to the visual cortex (gating control) is determined by the following?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
The geniculocalcarine tract terminates in which of the following areas
Visual cortex
Signals from the macular area of the retina terminate in which of the following areas
Posterior pole of the visual cortex
Which of the following comprise the major group of nuclei in the brain that serve as relay centers for incoming sensory and outgoing efferent
Thalamus
Primary sensory neurons from the lower limbs travel through which of the following
Fasciculus gracilis
The Brown-Sequard syndrome occurs when there is a hemisection of the spinal cord. Which would be observed:
Blocking of motor functions on the side of the transection in all segments below the level of the transection
The primary somatosensory area is made of which of the following Brodmann’s areas
1, 2, 3
