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Physiology 2 > Physiology II Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Physiology II Test 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Most output neurons from the cerebral cortex originate from which of the following cortical layers?

A

V and VI

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2
Q

Which of the following landmarks demarcates the sensory cortex from the cortex?

A

The central sulcus

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3
Q

The major area for language comprehension is

A

Wernicke’s area

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4
Q

The corpus callosum is the major commissure connecting the two halves of the cerebral hemispheres. If cut, which is NOT true?

A

Only the right side of the brain can understand both the written word and the spoken word

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5
Q

Small, unmyelinated fibers that conduct signal at a slow velocity are

A

C fibers

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6
Q

T or F Broca’s area is almost always dominant on the R side of brain

A

False

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7
Q

T or F Memory of various details of an integrated thought that might include memory…..

A

True

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8
Q

A memory system that has been discovered in the sea snail….

A

Serotonin

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9
Q

All the output neurons that are stimulated by an incoming fiber comprise the

A

Discharge zone

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10
Q

A diverging neuronal pathway can be used to

A

Both A and B
Amplify the incoming signal
Transmit the incoming signal

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11
Q

Circuit D shown is example

A

Reverbatory Circuit

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12
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the location of the area of the somatosensory cortex that processes the sensation from the lips?

A

Lateral side of the somatosensory cortex about two-thirds the distance from the sagittal sulcus

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13
Q

In typical sensory pathways, tertiary (third order) neurons typically terminate in

A

Somatosensory cortex

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14
Q

In typical sensory pathways, decussation occurs at what level?

A

Secondary (second order neurons)

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15
Q

Critical types of tactile signals, such as two-point discrimination are transmitted through which of the following?

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway

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16
Q

T or F Fast pain is felt 1 second after application and increases over several seconds

A

False

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17
Q

T or F Generally, fast pain is elicited by mechanical and thermal stimuli; slow pain can be elicited by mechanical, thermal and chemical

A

True

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18
Q

In the slow-chronic paleospinothalamic pathway a small number of fibers pass all the way to the thalamus but most fibers terminate

A

In the reticular formation

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the analgesia system

A

Nucleus ruber

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20
Q

T or F All visceral pain originating in the thoracic and abdominal cavities is (transmitted) through Ad (Alphadelta) fibers.

A

False

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Brown-Sequard syndrome

A

Sensations of pain, heat and cold are lost on the side of the transection below the level of transection

22
Q

Which of the following stimuli can cause headace

A

All of the above
Stretching or tearing of meninges
Crushing or stretching of blood vessels
Inflammation of nasal sinuses

23
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding thermal signals

A

Thermal signals are transmitted via the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway

24
Q

Wernicke’s area is located in which love of the cerebral cortex

A

Temporal

25
Q

Primary neurons carrying two-point discrimination sensations from the upper limbs synapse where?

A

Nucleus cuneatus

26
Q

T or F Spatial summation increasing signal strength is transmitted by using progressively greater numbers of fibers

A

True

27
Q

Aggregations of neuron cell bodies and dendrites in the peripheral nervous system are called

A

Ganglia

28
Q

The cell bodies of primary sensory neurons are located

A

In the dorsal root ganglia

29
Q

Incoming sensory signals excite which neuronal layers of the cerebral cortex first?

A

IV

30
Q

The total refractive power of human eye is about

A

60 diopters

31
Q

T or F The peripheral area of the retina is more sensitive to weak light

A

True

32
Q

An eyeball that is too short or a lens system that is too weak will cause the light rays coming from distant objects to be focused behind the retina. Referred to as…

A

Hyperopia

33
Q

The impingement of photons on a rod cell in the retina will cause rhodopsin to dissociate into which

A

Scotopsin and all-trans retinal

34
Q

Which of the following statements regarding ion flow through rod membranes in dark is FALSE

A

The inside rod membrane has a potential of -70mV

35
Q

Which of the following cell types respond to rapid changes in the visual image?

A

Y type ganglion cells

36
Q

In the rods, cGMP sodium gates are closed when phosphodiesterase is activated by which of the following

A

Transducin

37
Q

Axons of which of the following cells make up the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cells

38
Q

Which of the following cells is not part of 3-neuron pathway in foveal region of the retina is

A

Amacrine cells

39
Q

Which of the following is the NT used by rod and cone cells to transmit to bipolar cells

A

glutamate

40
Q

More than half of the ganglion cells are of the X type. Which is NOT characteristic of X types of ganglion cells?

A

They have extensive fields

41
Q

T or F The magnocellular region of the lateral geniculate nucleus is responsible for transmitting color

A

False

42
Q

The primary visual cortex is made up of how many layers?

A

6

43
Q

T or F When the lens is in a relaxed state with no tension on it, it is almost spherical

A

True

44
Q

How much of the signal is allowed to pass to the visual cortex (gating control) is determined by the following?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

45
Q

The geniculocalcarine tract terminates in which of the following areas

A

Visual cortex

46
Q

Signals from the macular area of the retina terminate in which of the following areas

A

Posterior pole of the visual cortex

47
Q

Which of the following comprise the major group of nuclei in the brain that serve as relay centers for incoming sensory and outgoing efferent

A

Thalamus

48
Q

Primary sensory neurons from the lower limbs travel through which of the following

A

Fasciculus gracilis

49
Q

The Brown-Sequard syndrome occurs when there is a hemisection of the spinal cord. Which would be observed:

A

Blocking of motor functions on the side of the transection in all segments below the level of the transection

50
Q

The primary somatosensory area is made of which of the following Brodmann’s areas

A

1, 2, 3

Physiology 2 (4 decks)

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