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PLE 2017 > Physiology: I need to remember > Flashcards

Physiology: I need to remember Flashcards

1
Q

nernst potential for sodium

A

+65mV

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2
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • vasomotor center
  • respiratory center,
  • swallowing
  • coughing & vomiting center
A

medulla

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3
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- micturation center, apneustic & pneumotaxic centers

A

pons

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4
Q

nernst potential for calcium

A

+120mV

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5
Q

nernst potential for Cl

A

-85mV

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6
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- behavior, emotions & motivation

A

limbic lobe of frontal lobe

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7
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • temperature regulation
  • thirst, food intake
A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- somatosensory cortex

A

parietal

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9
Q

nernst potential for K

A

-85mV

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10
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • relay center for almost all sensations
  • memory recall
A

thalamus

“REMEMBER THALAMUS?’

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11
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • PAIN AND TEMPERATURE
  • diameter: SMALLEST
  • conduction: SLOWEST
A

sensory nerve type 4

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12
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS
  • diameter: LARGEST
  • conduction: FASTEST
A

sensory nerve type 1A

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13
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • TOUCH AND PRESSURE
  • diameter: MEDIUM
  • conduction: MEDIUM
A

sensory nerve type 2

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14
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • GOLGI TENDON ORGANS
  • diameter: LARGEST
  • conduction: FASTEST
A

sensory nerve type 1B

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15
Q

SENSORY NERVE FIBER TYPE?

  • TOUCH, PRESSURE, FAST PAIN, TEMPERATURE
  • diameter: SMALL
  • conduction: MEDIUM
A

sensory nerve type 3

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16
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- motor, personality, calculation & judgment

A

frontal lobe

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17
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- processing the information for memory storage

A

hippocampus

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18
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

- vision

A

occipital

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19
Q

Autonomic center or cerebral cortex for

  • hearing, vestibular processing
  • recognition of faces
A

temporal

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20
Q

SENSORY FIBERS?

1a - 1b - 2 - 3 - 4?

A

MUST GO SEEK ROUGH AND PLEASURABLE HOT SEX.

1a - MUScle spindle
1b - GOlgi tendon
2 - SEcondary afferent (touch and pressure)
3 - (all) touch, pressure, pain, temperature
4 - pain, temperature

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21
Q

CSF > Blood

2 examples

A

Mg, Creatinine

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22
Q

CSF = Blood

3 examples

A

Na, K, HCO3

*osmolarity

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23
Q

CSF < Blood

A

k, Ca, GLucose,Protein, cholesterol

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24
Q

what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex?

moving bars or edges of light

A

complex

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25
Q

what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex?

bars of light

A

simple

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26
Q

what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex?

lines with particular length

A

hypercomplex

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27
Q

what cells: simple, complex or hypercomplex?

curves/ angles

A

hypercomplex

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28
Q

vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule?

horizontal linear acceleration

A

utricle

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29
Q

vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule?

vertical acceleration

A

saccule

30
Q

vestibular system: semicircular canals, utricle or saccule?

- angular

A

semicircular canals

31
Q

injury to chorda tympani will cause what loss of sensation?

A

taste

32
Q

mechanoreceptor stimulated by lung distention

- initiates hering-breuer reflex that decreases respiratory rate by prolonging expiratory time

A

lung stretch receptors

33
Q

mechanoreceptor for noxious chemicals

A

irritant receptors

34
Q

mechanoreceptor found in juxtacapillary areas?

- causes rapid shallow breathing and responsible for the feeling of dyspnea

A

J RECEPTORS

35
Q

mechanoreceptor stimulated by limb movement

- causes anticipatory increase in RR during exercise

A

joint & muscle receptors

36
Q

INCREASE OR DECREASE? (APEX)

in terms of V, Q, V/Q, P02, PC02

A

APEX

V: ↓↓
Q: ↓
V/Q: ↑
P02: ↑
PC02: ↓
37
Q

LAW implying that an increase in lung volume will decrease pressure

A

BOYLE’S LAW

38
Q

LAW for transfer of gases through simple diffusion

A

FICK’S LAW OF DIFFUSION

39
Q

LAW?

PARTIAL PRESSURE = TOTAL PRESSURE X FRACTIONAL GAS CONCENTRATION

A

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

40
Q

LAW for gases dissolved in solution

A

HENRY’S LAW

41
Q

INCREASE OR DECREASE? (BASE)

in terms of V, Q, V/Q, P02, PC02

A

BASE

V: ↑↑
Q: ↑
V/Q: ↓
P02: ↓
PC02: ↑
42
Q

what complement system CAUSES OPSONIZATION?

A

C3B

43
Q

what complement system INDUCES INFLAMMATION?

A

C3A, C4A, C5A

44
Q

what complement system CAUSES WBC CHEMOTAXIS?

A

C5A

45
Q

what complement system MEMBERS OF MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX?

A

C5B-C9

46
Q

in unacclimatized person, ACUTE EFFECTS are felt at

  • what acute effects?
A

12,000 feet or ~ 3,500m

  • headache, dizziness
47
Q

hair cells: APEX or BASE?

- oval or round windows

A

BASE

  • rigid hair cells
  • high frequency
48
Q

in unacclimatized person, DEATH at

A

23,000 feet or ~7000m

49
Q

tactile receptors?

touch and pressure

A

FREE NERVE ENDINGS

50
Q

tactile receptors?

movement of object on skin

A

HAIR-END ORGAN

51
Q

in unacclimatized person, SEIZURES are felt at

A

18,000 feet or ~5000m

52
Q

tactile receptors?

  • HIGH- frequency vibrations
  • tapping
A

PACINIAN CORPUSCLES (FA2)

53
Q

tactile receptors?

  • PRESSURE
  • signals degree of joint rotation
A

RUFFINI CORPUSCLES (SA2)

54
Q

tactile receptors?

  • continuous touch
  • localizes touch and determine texture
A

MERKEL DISC (SA1)

55
Q

tactile receptors?

2 point discrimination

A

MERKEL & MEISSNER

56
Q

tactile receptors?

  • movement of objects
  • LOW- frequency vibrations
A

MEISSNER CORPUSCLES (FA1)

57
Q

hair cells: APEX or BASE?

- responds to low frequency

A

APEX

  • helicotrema
  • wide base
  • accomodating
58
Q

muscle sensors?

for changes in length

A

muscle spindle

Type 1A and 2

59
Q

muscle sensors?

for changes in tension

A 
golgi tendon
(type 1b)
60
Q

muscle sensors?

noxious stimuli

A

free nerve endings

group 3 and 4

61
Q

muscle sensors?

vibration

A

pacinian corpuscle

group 2

62
Q

rods or cones?

  • color vision
  • night vision
A

cones for COlor vision

rods for night vision

63
Q 
No. of synapses?
STRETCH REFLEX (KNEE-JERK)

stimulus: stretched
afferent fibers: 1a
response: contraction

A

monosnaptic

64
Q

what is the stimulus for withdrawal?
FLEXOR-WITHDRAWAL REFLEX

no. of synapses: POLYSNAPTIC
afferent fibers: 2,3,4
response: ipsilateral flexion; contralateral extension

A

stimulus: PAIN

65
Q 
what is the reflex?
stimulus: contraction
no. of synapses: DISNAPTIC
afferent fibers: 1b
response: relaxation of the muscle
A

GOLGI-TENDON REFLEX (CLASP KNIFE)

66
Q

MAIN RESPIRATORY CENTER?

A

DORSAL ROOT GROUP (MEDULLA)

for normal/resting inspiration

input: CN 9, CN 10
output: phrenic nerve –> diaphragm

67
Q

RESPIRATORY CENTER that shortens time for inspiration?

A 
Pneumotaxic center (pons)
- upper pons
68
Q

RESPIRATORY CENTER that prolongs time for inspiration?

A 
apneustic center (pons)
- lower pons
69
Q

RESPIRATORY CENTER for forced inspiration and expiration (overdrive mechanism)

A

VENTRAL ROOT GROUP (MEDULLA)

70
Q

rods or cones?

  • daylight
  • first to adapt
  • high concentration at fovea
A

cones

71
Q

types of muscle spindle:

  • Group 1a afferents
A

NUCLEAR BAG FIBERS

- detects dynamic changes

72
Q

types of muscle spindle:

  • Group 2 afferents
A

NUCLEAR CHAIN FIBERS

  • detects static changes
  • nuclei arranged in row

PLE 2017 (6 decks)

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