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Vascular board > Physiology and Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Physiology and Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac contractions begin in the

A

Left ventricle first

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2
Q

The 9 steps of how the blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body :

A

Left ventricle
Aorta
Larger arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Large veins
Inferior Vena Cava
Right atrium

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3
Q

The pressure is greater at the?

A

Heart

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4
Q

As blood moves away from the heart the pressure gradually ________ further away.

A

Decreases

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5
Q

The _______ serve as a reservoirs for the blood volume storage and energy supplied to the system.

A

Arteries

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6
Q

Movement of any fluid medium between two points requires two things

A

Pathway
Pressure differential (higher pressure energy moves to lower pressure energy)

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7
Q

The amount of flow depends upon?

A

Energy difference
Any resistance

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8
Q

Lower resistance equals

A

higher flow rate

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9
Q

Higher resistance equals

A

lower flow rate

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10
Q

Stored energy is releases when the walls of the artery

A

Recoil/contract

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11
Q

HP is

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

The taller the person is the higher the

A

HP (hydrostatic pressure)

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13
Q

If the patient is supine the?

A

HP (Hydrostatic pressure) is 0

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14
Q

Kinetic energy

A

velocity (moving blood forward)

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15
Q

What is needed to move blood from one to point to another?

A

Energy gradient

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16
Q

The larger the gradient

A

greater the flow

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17
Q

Related to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity

A

Inertia (body at rest, stays at rest)

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18
Q

Energy is continually restored by

A

The pumping action of the heart

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19
Q

As blood moves farther out to periphery

A

Energy is dissipated in the form of heat.

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20
Q

R =

A

Resistance

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21
Q

n =

A

viscosity

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22
Q

r =

A

radius (size of the vessel)

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23
Q

L

A

vessel length

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24
Q

What has the most effect on resistance

A

vessel diameter (radius)

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25
Q

Resistance is directly proportional to the

A

viscosity and length

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26
Q

Resistance is inversely proportional to the

A

radius

27
Q

Increased hematocrit

A

Increased viscosity

28
Q

Increased viscosity

A

decreased velocity

29
Q

Decreased viscosity

A

increased velocity

30
Q

stable flow

A

laminar flow

31
Q

seen at the vessel origin as well as during initial cardiac upstroke

A

Plug flow

32
Q

seen downstream once laminar flow is fully developed

A

parabolic flow

33
Q

type of energy loss that occurs from increased friction between molecules and layers which ultimately causes energy loss

A

Viscous energy loss

34
Q

type of energy loss occurs when deviations from laminar flow, due to direction and or velocity changes

A

Inertial losses

35
Q

Type of energy loss occurs at the exit of a stenosis

A

Inertial

36
Q

Defines relationship between pressure, volume flow, resistance

A

Poiseuille’s equation

37
Q

Helps define how much fluid volume moves through a vessel

A

Poiseuille’s equation

38
Q

Q =

A

volume flow

39
Q

P =

A

Pressure

40
Q

Q= (A x V)

A

velocity changes (volume flow = (size x speed)

41
Q

Increased velocity

A

Decreased pressure

42
Q

Decreased velocity

A

Increased pressure

43
Q

Aortic valve opens

A

Systole

44
Q

Closure of the aortic valve

A

Dicrotic notch

45
Q

The influence of peripheral resistance

A

Dicrotic notch

46
Q

Flow is steady in nature feeding a dilated vascular bed

A

Low resistance

47
Q

Reflects where the blood is going

A

Diastole

48
Q

Flow that is pulsatile in nature

A

High resistance flow

49
Q

Where the blood came from

A

systole

50
Q

Pulsatile changes in the medium/small sized arteries of the limbs are increased. When this occurs the pulsatility changes are usually decreased in the minute arteries

A

Vasoconstriction

51
Q

Pulsatile changes in medium/small sized arteries of the limbs are decreased (lower resistant). When this occurs, pulsatility changes are increased in minute arteries.

A

vasodilatation

52
Q

What usually causes peripheral vasodilatation

A

Exercise

53
Q

What is key for vasodilator of resistance vessels

A

Exercise

54
Q

Ability of most vascular beds to maintain constant level of blood flow over a wide range of perfusion pressures.

A

Autoregulation

55
Q

Distal effects of obstructive disease may only be detectable following stress

A

Exercise

56
Q

A hemodynamically significant stenosis causes a notable

A

reduction in volume flow and pressure.

57
Q

Cross sectional area reduction of 75% equals

A

diameter reduction of 50%

58
Q

Flow to a cool extremity

A

vasoconstriction = Pulsatile signals (smaller = more pulsatile)

59
Q

Flow to the warm extremity

A

vasodilation = continuous signal

60
Q

resistance to flow is additive; it results in a higher resistance than in each individual narrowing

A

Multiple obstructions in the same vessel

61
Q

resistance to flow is less than the resistance in each individual narrowing because less volume of blood flow is going through each narrowing

A

Obstructions in different vessels that are parallel

62
Q

Flow frequencies are usually dampened, with or without disturbance (decreased velocity)

A

Proximal to a stenosis (pre stenosis)

63
Q

spectral broadening and elevated velocities (increased flow volume)

A

Stenosis (in the middle)

64
Q

flow reversals, flow separations, vortices/eddy currents occur near edge of flow pattern

flow quality has multiple changes in direction and spectral broadening

A

Post -stenotic turbulence (End of the stenosis)

Vascular board (10 decks)

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