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Get Er Done > Physiology and Biochem > Flashcards

Physiology and Biochem Flashcards

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1
Q

When a neuron is in facilitated state, the membrane of it’s soma is:

A) At threshold potential
B) Close to threshold potential
C) Hyperpolarized
D) Experiencing an Action potential

A

Close to threshold potential

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2
Q

WHich region of the brain inhibits contraction of skeletal muscle that opposes the intended movement?

A) Basal ganglia
B) Cerebellum
C) Red Nucleus
D) Primary motor cortex

A

.Basal ganglia

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3
Q

Slow pain fibers do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Convey info. about all dull chronic pain
B) Activate spinal reflexes
C) Activate pathways involved in emotional pain
D) Activate the reticular activating system

A

.Activate spinal reflexes

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4
Q

Which region of the brain regulates temperature control, food intake, and reproductive function?

A) Medulla Oblongata
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Which characteristic does cardiac muscle share with skeletal muscle?

A) It only contracts when stimulated by neurons
B) It has gap junctions between its muscle cells
C) It has sarcomeres
D) It is excited to contract by acetylcholine

A

It has sarcomeres

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6
Q

Slow oxidative muscle fibers:

A) Are stronger than fast anaerobic fibers
B) Have a lesser capillary supply than fast anaerobic fibers
C) Have more sarcoplasmic reticulum than fast anaerobic fibers
D) Have smaller diameters than fasta anerobic fibers

A

Have smaller diameters than faster anerobic fibers

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7
Q

Which statement about visceral smooth muscle is true?

A) it is more highly organized than skeletal muscle
B) It has more sarcoplasmic reticulum than skeletal muscle
C) It has more highly developed t tubules than skeletal muscles
D) It can develop more tension per cubic centimeter than skeletal muscle

A

It can develop more tension…..

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8
Q

When negative feedback processes are working correctly, failure of the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone in response to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) will result in:

A) Increased secretion of TSH
B) Decreased secretion of TSH
C) Decreased size of thyroid
D) Depression of the ant. pituitary by hypothalamus

A

Increase secretion of TSH

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9
Q

GH secretion can be stimulated by all of the following except:

A) Ingestion of protein
B) ELevated blood glucose
C) Exercise
D) Deep Sleep

A

elevated blood glucose

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10
Q

Negative feedback regulation of FSH is provided by:

A) Anti-Mullerian Hormone
B) Testosterone
C) Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
D) Inhibin

A

Inhibin

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11
Q

Which physical characteristic enhances the ability of muscle cells to use oxygen?

A) increased mitochondria
B) Increased glycolytic activity
C) Increased glycogen stores
D) Increased diameter

A

increased mitocondria

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12
Q

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ___ in the ECG

A) P wave
B) P-R interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave

A

QRS Complex

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13
Q

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the:

A) Cardiac Reserve
B) End-diastolic volume
C) Cardiac Output
D) Stroke Volume

A

Stroke Volume

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14
Q

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the:

A) Osmolarity of interstitial fluids
B) Blood vessel diameter
C) Blood Viscosity
D) Length of blood vessel

A

Osmolarity of interstitial fluids

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15
Q

When the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract:

A) The lungs shrink
B) Expiration occurs
C) The volume of the thorax increases
D) The volume of the lungs dcreases

A

the volume of the thorax increases

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16
Q

Most of the O2 transported in blood is:

A) Carried by WBCs
B) Dissolved in plasma
C) Bound to the same protein as CO2
D) Bound to Hb

A

Bound to Hemoglobin

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17
Q 
The ions in highest concentration in the ECF are:
A) NA+ and P
B) Na+ and Cl-
C) NA+ and K+
D) Na+ and Ca++
A

Na sodium and Chloride

18
Q

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ___.

A) Has a basement membrane
B) Is impermeable to most substances
C) Is drained by efferent arteriole
D) Has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems

A

Is drained by efferent arterioles

19
Q

The enzyme pepsin breaks down:

A) Proteins
B) Carbs
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic Acids

A

Proteins

20
Q

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ___.

A) In the glandular tissue that line sthe organ lumen
B) In the walls of the tract organs
C) In the pons and medulla
D) Only in the esophagus

A

In the walls of the tract organs

21
Q

Which type of reaction will proceed spontaneously?

A) Catabolic
B) Endergonic
C) Exergonic
D) Anabolic

A

Exergenic

22
Q

WHat is a rate limiting enzyme for Glycolysis?

A) Phosphorylase A
B) Pyruvate Kinase
C) Phosphofructokinase
D) Glucokinase

A

Phosphofructokinase

23
Q

Low levels of glucose in the blood:

A) Stimulate Gluconeogenesis
B) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
C) Stimulate glycolysis
D) Stimulate glycogenesis

A

Stimulate Gluconeogenesis

24
Q

What cycle contains coenzyme Q?

A) Glycolysis
B) ETC
C) TCA
D) Urea Cycle

A

ETC

25
Q

Table sugar is structurally:

A) Fructose and Ribose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Glucose and Mannose
D) Fructofuranose

A

Glucose and Fructose

26
Q

The ability of teh liver to “recycle” lactic acid to glucose, which is then used by muscles, is termed ___

A) The cori cycle
B) Ox Phos
C) NADH shuttle
D) Pentose-Phosphate shunt

A

Cori Cycle

27
Q

Where is the ETC located in the cell?

A) Mitochondrial Inner emmbrane
B) ER
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitochondrial Matrix

A

Mitochondrial Inner emmbrane

28
Q

What type of inhibition can be overcome by teh addition of excess amounts of substrates?

A) Allosteric
B) Irreversible
C) Competitive
D) Noncompetitive

A

.Competitive

29
Q

Enzymes:

A) Do not affect the rate of rxn
B) Do not affect the Keq of a rxn
C) Increase the energy of activation of a rxn
D) Increase the Keq of a rxn

A

Do not affect the Keq of a rxn

30
Q

Beta oxidation is used to:

A) Synthesize steroids
B) Catabolize purines to uric acid
C) Catabolize fatty acids to acetly CoA
D) Synthesize fatty acids

A

Catabolize fatty acids to acetly CoA

31
Q

A deficiency of HMG Co-A will result in ___

A) Decreased cholesterol synthesis
B) Increased cholesterol synthesis
C) Decreased fat synthesis
D) Increased fat synthesis

A

Decreased cholesterol synthesis

32
Q

Prostaglandins ___

A) Are effective coenzymes
B) Inhibit inflammation
C) FAcilitate inflammation
D) Control Mineral Balance

A

facilitate inflammation

33
Q

The end product of purine catabolism is ___

A) Uric acid
B) Uracil
C) Urea
D) Adenine

A

.Uric Acid

34
Q

What process is used to make RNA from a DNA template?

A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Mitosis

A

Transcription

35
Q

The conversion of one amino acid to another amino acid is ccomplished by ___

A) Oxidative decarboxylation
B) Oxidative Deamination
C) Substrate level phosphorylation
D) Transamination

A

Transanimation

36
Q

Where do the carbon skeletons for nonessential amino acids come from:

A) Lipids
B) Carbs
C) Nucleic Acids
D) Fatty Acids

A

Nucleic Acids

37
Q

Which of the following is a purine?

A) Cytosine
B) Uracil
C) Thymine
D) Guanine

A

Guanine

38
Q

WHich of the following minerals is an antioxidant?

A) Magnesium
B) Copper
C) Chromium
D) Selenium

A

Selenium

39
Q 
Which is the best source of dietary Vit. C?
A. Eggs and Oil
B) Broccoli and fruit
C) Pork
D) Cereals and grains
A

Broccoli and Fruit

40
Q

What will result is serum calcium is too low?

A) Decalcification of teeth
B) Excessive exertion of sodium
C) Atrophy of the adrenal glands
D) Tetany

A

Tetany

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