Physiology and Biochem Flashcards
When a neuron is in facilitated state, the membrane of it’s soma is:
A) At threshold potential
B) Close to threshold potential
C) Hyperpolarized
D) Experiencing an Action potential
Close to threshold potential
WHich region of the brain inhibits contraction of skeletal muscle that opposes the intended movement?
A) Basal ganglia
B) Cerebellum
C) Red Nucleus
D) Primary motor cortex
.Basal ganglia
Slow pain fibers do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Convey info. about all dull chronic pain
B) Activate spinal reflexes
C) Activate pathways involved in emotional pain
D) Activate the reticular activating system
.Activate spinal reflexes
Which region of the brain regulates temperature control, food intake, and reproductive function?
A) Medulla Oblongata
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Which characteristic does cardiac muscle share with skeletal muscle?
A) It only contracts when stimulated by neurons
B) It has gap junctions between its muscle cells
C) It has sarcomeres
D) It is excited to contract by acetylcholine
It has sarcomeres
Slow oxidative muscle fibers:
A) Are stronger than fast anaerobic fibers
B) Have a lesser capillary supply than fast anaerobic fibers
C) Have more sarcoplasmic reticulum than fast anaerobic fibers
D) Have smaller diameters than fasta anerobic fibers
Have smaller diameters than faster anerobic fibers
Which statement about visceral smooth muscle is true?
A) it is more highly organized than skeletal muscle
B) It has more sarcoplasmic reticulum than skeletal muscle
C) It has more highly developed t tubules than skeletal muscles
D) It can develop more tension per cubic centimeter than skeletal muscle
It can develop more tension…..
When negative feedback processes are working correctly, failure of the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone in response to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) will result in:
A) Increased secretion of TSH
B) Decreased secretion of TSH
C) Decreased size of thyroid
D) Depression of the ant. pituitary by hypothalamus
Increase secretion of TSH
GH secretion can be stimulated by all of the following except:
A) Ingestion of protein
B) ELevated blood glucose
C) Exercise
D) Deep Sleep
elevated blood glucose
Negative feedback regulation of FSH is provided by:
A) Anti-Mullerian Hormone
B) Testosterone
C) Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
D) Inhibin
Inhibin
Which physical characteristic enhances the ability of muscle cells to use oxygen?
A) increased mitochondria
B) Increased glycolytic activity
C) Increased glycogen stores
D) Increased diameter
increased mitocondria
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ___ in the ECG
A) P wave
B) P-R interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave
QRS Complex
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the:
A) Cardiac Reserve
B) End-diastolic volume
C) Cardiac Output
D) Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the:
A) Osmolarity of interstitial fluids
B) Blood vessel diameter
C) Blood Viscosity
D) Length of blood vessel
Osmolarity of interstitial fluids
When the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract:
A) The lungs shrink
B) Expiration occurs
C) The volume of the thorax increases
D) The volume of the lungs dcreases
the volume of the thorax increases
Most of the O2 transported in blood is:
A) Carried by WBCs
B) Dissolved in plasma
C) Bound to the same protein as CO2
D) Bound to Hb
Bound to Hemoglobin
The ions in highest concentration in the ECF are: A) NA+ and P B) Na+ and Cl- C) NA+ and K+ D) Na+ and Ca++
Na sodium and Chloride
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ___.
A) Has a basement membrane
B) Is impermeable to most substances
C) Is drained by efferent arteriole
D) Has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
Is drained by efferent arterioles
The enzyme pepsin breaks down:
A) Proteins
B) Carbs
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic Acids
Proteins
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ___.
A) In the glandular tissue that line sthe organ lumen
B) In the walls of the tract organs
C) In the pons and medulla
D) Only in the esophagus
In the walls of the tract organs
Which type of reaction will proceed spontaneously?
A) Catabolic
B) Endergonic
C) Exergonic
D) Anabolic
Exergenic
WHat is a rate limiting enzyme for Glycolysis?
A) Phosphorylase A
B) Pyruvate Kinase
C) Phosphofructokinase
D) Glucokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Low levels of glucose in the blood:
A) Stimulate Gluconeogenesis
B) Inhibit gluconeogenesis
C) Stimulate glycolysis
D) Stimulate glycogenesis
Stimulate Gluconeogenesis
What cycle contains coenzyme Q?
A) Glycolysis
B) ETC
C) TCA
D) Urea Cycle
ETC
Table sugar is structurally:
A) Fructose and Ribose
B) Glucose and Fructose
C) Glucose and Mannose
D) Fructofuranose
Glucose and Fructose
The ability of teh liver to “recycle” lactic acid to glucose, which is then used by muscles, is termed ___
A) The cori cycle
B) Ox Phos
C) NADH shuttle
D) Pentose-Phosphate shunt
Cori Cycle
Where is the ETC located in the cell?
A) Mitochondrial Inner emmbrane
B) ER
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondrial Inner emmbrane
What type of inhibition can be overcome by teh addition of excess amounts of substrates?
A) Allosteric
B) Irreversible
C) Competitive
D) Noncompetitive
.Competitive
Enzymes:
A) Do not affect the rate of rxn
B) Do not affect the Keq of a rxn
C) Increase the energy of activation of a rxn
D) Increase the Keq of a rxn
Do not affect the Keq of a rxn
Beta oxidation is used to:
A) Synthesize steroids
B) Catabolize purines to uric acid
C) Catabolize fatty acids to acetly CoA
D) Synthesize fatty acids
Catabolize fatty acids to acetly CoA
A deficiency of HMG Co-A will result in ___
A) Decreased cholesterol synthesis
B) Increased cholesterol synthesis
C) Decreased fat synthesis
D) Increased fat synthesis
Decreased cholesterol synthesis
Prostaglandins ___
A) Are effective coenzymes
B) Inhibit inflammation
C) FAcilitate inflammation
D) Control Mineral Balance
facilitate inflammation
The end product of purine catabolism is ___
A) Uric acid
B) Uracil
C) Urea
D) Adenine
.Uric Acid
What process is used to make RNA from a DNA template?
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Mitosis
Transcription
The conversion of one amino acid to another amino acid is ccomplished by ___
A) Oxidative decarboxylation
B) Oxidative Deamination
C) Substrate level phosphorylation
D) Transamination
Transanimation
Where do the carbon skeletons for nonessential amino acids come from:
A) Lipids
B) Carbs
C) Nucleic Acids
D) Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is a purine?
A) Cytosine
B) Uracil
C) Thymine
D) Guanine
Guanine
WHich of the following minerals is an antioxidant?
A) Magnesium
B) Copper
C) Chromium
D) Selenium
Selenium
Which is the best source of dietary Vit. C? A. Eggs and Oil B) Broccoli and fruit C) Pork D) Cereals and grains
Broccoli and Fruit
What will result is serum calcium is too low?
A) Decalcification of teeth
B) Excessive exertion of sodium
C) Atrophy of the adrenal glands
D) Tetany
Tetany
