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neuro > physiology and anatomy > Flashcards

physiology and anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where is the motor cortex

A

pre central gyrus

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2
Q

where is sensory cortex

A

post central gyrus

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3
Q

what spinal level does spinal cord end

A

L1/2

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4
Q

the tapered cone shaped end of the spinal cord is called the?

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

what ligament suspends spinal cord in spinal canal

A

denticulate ligament

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6
Q

what forms the denticulate ligament

A

pia and arachnoid tissue

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7
Q

in the spinal cord what part is the grey matter and what is white

A

central grey matter

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8
Q

how many longitudinal arteries supply the spinal cord

A

3 two posterior and 1 anterior

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9
Q

what does DCML carry

A

fine touch, proprioception

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10
Q

what can the DCML be divided into

A

fasiculus cuneatus and fasiculus gracilis

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11
Q

what is more lateral fasiculus cuneatus or gracilis

A

cunteatus more lateral

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12
Q

what point do neurons cross the midline in DCML

A

medulla

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13
Q

where are nucleus gracilis and cunteatus found

A

medulla

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14
Q

from what spinal level do neurons travel in fasiculus gracilis

A

T6 and below

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15
Q

what cells are responsible for detecting vibration

A

pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q

what sensory information is carries in the spinothalamic

A

pain and temperature and deep pressure

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17
Q

where in the spinal cord do neurons in the spinothalamic cord synapse

A

in the posterior horn of spinal cord and in the thalamus

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18
Q

what sensory modality in the lateral spinothalamic tract

A

pain and temp

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19
Q

what sensory modality in the anterior spinothalamic tract

A

crude touch

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20
Q

what are the 2 pyramidal tracts

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar

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21
Q

how many motor neurons long is the cortiospinal tract

A

2 neurons long

22
Q

fibres travelling in what corticospinal tract decussate at the medulla

A

fibres in the lateral tract

23
Q

what is supplied by lateral corticospinal tract

A

limbs and digits

24
Q

what is worse decorticate or decerebrate posturing

A

decerebrate is worse and more indicative of lower brain stem lesion

25
Q

what is corticobulbar tract reposnsible for

A

muscles of face head and neck by travelling from motor cortex and synapsing in motor CN’s

26
Q

what part of CN VII is innervated bilaterally

A

the upper half

27
Q

what are the extrapyramidal tracts

A

tectospinal
vistubulospinal
rubrospinal
reticulospinal

28
Q

where do the extrapyramidal tracts originate

A

the brainstem

29
Q

what is brown squared syndrome

A

ipsilateral loss of tactile sensation and proprioception and contralateral loss of pain and temperature

30
Q

name the 5 basal ganglia

A 
putamen 
globus pallidus 
substantia nigra
subthlalamic nucleus 
caudate nucleus
31
Q

which of the basal ganglia make up the corpus striatum

A

the globes pallid us, putamen and then caudate nucleus

32
Q

where is globes palladium found in relation to the putamen eg medial or laterally

A

found medially

33
Q

functions of the basal ganglia

A

facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movement
role in posture and muscle tone

34
Q

what spinal level does subarachnoid space end

A

ends at s2

35
Q

what is the only cranial nerve that doesn’t synapse in the thalamus before reaching the cortex

A

olfactory

36
Q

what muscles have parasympathetic innervation of the oculomotor nerve

A

sphincter papillae and ciliary muscles

37
Q

what nucleus do parasympathetic fibres of oculomotor nerve synapse in

A

edinger westphalt nucleus

38
Q

what is the only CN to exit brain stem posteriorly and cross the midline

A

trochlear nerve CN IV

39
Q

paralysis of the trochlear nerve would lead to what position of the eyes

A

up and out

40
Q

In CN XII injury will tongue deviate to affected or non affected side

A

affected side

41
Q

what cranial nerve enters the cranium and then exits it

A

spinal accessory

42
Q

what nerve innervates the tensor tympani

A

trigeminal nerve

43
Q

divisions of the facial nerve

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal , marginal mandibular, cervical

44
Q

innervation of the stapedius muscle

A

facial nerve

45
Q

describe the route of CNVIII from spiral ganglion on the cochlear to the auditory cortex

A 
E- eighth nerve 
C- cochlear nucleus 
O- superior olivary body
L - lateral lemniscus 
I - inferior colliculus 
medial geniculate body in thalamus 
auditory cortex in superior temporal lobe
46
Q

is input from cochlear nucleus unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral therefore hearing loss in 1 ear is not brain stem lesion

47
Q

is damage to brocas area responsible for receptive or expressive aphasia

A

expressive aphasia

48
Q

is medial geniculate involved in visual or auditory pathway

A

auditory

49
Q

where is the auditory cortex found

A

superior temporal lobe

50
Q

where is the visual cortex found

A

occipital lobe

51
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the dura mater

A

trigeminal nerve

52
Q

where does the fall cerebri attach to

A

the crista Galli of ethmoid bone an the occipital protrudence

neuro (13 decks)

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