physiology and anatomy Flashcards
where is the motor cortex
pre central gyrus
where is sensory cortex
post central gyrus
what spinal level does spinal cord end
L1/2
the tapered cone shaped end of the spinal cord is called the?
conus medullaris
what ligament suspends spinal cord in spinal canal
denticulate ligament
what forms the denticulate ligament
pia and arachnoid tissue
in the spinal cord what part is the grey matter and what is white
central grey matter
how many longitudinal arteries supply the spinal cord
3 two posterior and 1 anterior
what does DCML carry
fine touch, proprioception
what can the DCML be divided into
fasiculus cuneatus and fasiculus gracilis
what is more lateral fasiculus cuneatus or gracilis
cunteatus more lateral
what point do neurons cross the midline in DCML
medulla
where are nucleus gracilis and cunteatus found
medulla
from what spinal level do neurons travel in fasiculus gracilis
T6 and below
what cells are responsible for detecting vibration
pacinian corpuscles
what sensory information is carries in the spinothalamic
pain and temperature and deep pressure
where in the spinal cord do neurons in the spinothalamic cord synapse
in the posterior horn of spinal cord and in the thalamus
what sensory modality in the lateral spinothalamic tract
pain and temp
what sensory modality in the anterior spinothalamic tract
crude touch
what are the 2 pyramidal tracts
corticospinal and corticobulbar
how many motor neurons long is the cortiospinal tract
2 neurons long
fibres travelling in what corticospinal tract decussate at the medulla
fibres in the lateral tract
what is supplied by lateral corticospinal tract
limbs and digits
what is worse decorticate or decerebrate posturing
decerebrate is worse and more indicative of lower brain stem lesion
what is corticobulbar tract reposnsible for
muscles of face head and neck by travelling from motor cortex and synapsing in motor CN’s
what part of CN VII is innervated bilaterally
the upper half
what are the extrapyramidal tracts
tectospinal
vistubulospinal
rubrospinal
reticulospinal
where do the extrapyramidal tracts originate
the brainstem
what is brown squared syndrome
ipsilateral loss of tactile sensation and proprioception and contralateral loss of pain and temperature
name the 5 basal ganglia
putamen globus pallidus substantia nigra subthlalamic nucleus caudate nucleus
which of the basal ganglia make up the corpus striatum
the globes pallid us, putamen and then caudate nucleus
where is globes palladium found in relation to the putamen eg medial or laterally
found medially
functions of the basal ganglia
facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movement
role in posture and muscle tone
what spinal level does subarachnoid space end
ends at s2
what is the only cranial nerve that doesn’t synapse in the thalamus before reaching the cortex
olfactory
what muscles have parasympathetic innervation of the oculomotor nerve
sphincter papillae and ciliary muscles
what nucleus do parasympathetic fibres of oculomotor nerve synapse in
edinger westphalt nucleus
what is the only CN to exit brain stem posteriorly and cross the midline
trochlear nerve CN IV
paralysis of the trochlear nerve would lead to what position of the eyes
up and out
In CN XII injury will tongue deviate to affected or non affected side
affected side
what cranial nerve enters the cranium and then exits it
spinal accessory
what nerve innervates the tensor tympani
trigeminal nerve
divisions of the facial nerve
temporal, zygomatic, buccal , marginal mandibular, cervical
innervation of the stapedius muscle
facial nerve
describe the route of CNVIII from spiral ganglion on the cochlear to the auditory cortex
E- eighth nerve C- cochlear nucleus O- superior olivary body L - lateral lemniscus I - inferior colliculus medial geniculate body in thalamus auditory cortex in superior temporal lobe
is input from cochlear nucleus unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral therefore hearing loss in 1 ear is not brain stem lesion
is damage to brocas area responsible for receptive or expressive aphasia
expressive aphasia
is medial geniculate involved in visual or auditory pathway
auditory
where is the auditory cortex found
superior temporal lobe
where is the visual cortex found
occipital lobe
what cranial nerve innervates the dura mater
trigeminal nerve
where does the fall cerebri attach to
the crista Galli of ethmoid bone an the occipital protrudence
