brain and cord stuff Flashcards
what type of reflexes would be expected in an upper motor neurone lesion
hyper reflexia
are fasciculation’s seen in upper or lower motor neurone lesion
LMN
in central cord syndrome what is seen
distal upper limb weakness and cape like spinothalamic loss
normal volume of CSF
120-150ml
where is CSF produced
choroid plexus
where is CSF absorbed
arachnoid granulations
in CSF what should glucose levels be
> 2.2
what is hydrocephalus
increased CSF in brain
what is non- communicating hydrocephalus
obstruction to CSF occurring within ventricular system
what is communicating hydrocephalus
obstruction to CSF flow outside of ventricular system eg, subarachnoid space or arachnoid granules
what is hydrocephalus ex vacuo
increase in csf vol due to decreased brain vol eg Alzheimers
what would glucose levels look like in lumbar puncture in bacterial meningitis
decreased glucose and abundant polymorphs eg neutrophils
what is likely organism in bacterial meningitis in neonates
e.coli
what is likely organism in bacterial meningitis in adolescents
neisseria meningitides
what is likely organism in bacterial meningitis in older people
listeria monocytogenes
what vessel is most commonly injured in extradural haematoma
middle meningeal artery
what vessels are injured in subdural haematoma
bridging veins
in a CNS problem what is weaker arm extensors or flexors
arm extensor weaker reverse seen in legs
what is the gold standard fro anurysms investigation an dtreatment
DSA- digital subtraction angiography
normal ICP
7-15 mmHg
what volume of CSF is produced in 24 hr period
500ml
how is cerebral perfusion pressure calculated
MAP - ICP
equation for cerebral blood flow
cerebral perfusion pressure / cerebral vascular resistance
if systemic BP increases what happens to cerebral vessels
vasodilate
treatmen of normal pressure hydrocephalus
shunt
