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System 2: Cardiovascular AM > Physiology: A first look at the ECG > Flashcards

Physiology: A first look at the ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Standard Limb Leads?

A

Look at electrical activity in the vertical and frontal plains of the heart The 3 leads include: SLL I SLL II SLL III

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2
Q

Where are the electrodes placed in SLL I?

A

Left arm with respect to right arm

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3
Q

Where are the electrodes placed in SLL II?

A

Left leg with respect to right arm

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4
Q

Where are the electrodes placed in SLL III

A

Left leg with respect to left arm

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5
Q

Why is SLL II important?

A

As it is in the same plain as the wave of depolarisation of the heart

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6
Q

What does a wave of depolarisation towards the left leg produce at SLL II?

A

Produce a positive wave relative to the Right arm

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7
Q

What does a wave of depolarisation away from the left leg produce at SLL II?

A

Produces a negative wave relative to the right arm

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8
Q

What does a wave of repolarisation towards the left leg produce at SLL II?

A

Produce a negative wave relative to the right arm

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9
Q

What does a wave of repolarisation away from the left leg produce at SLL II?

A

Produces a positive wave relative to the right arm

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10
Q

What does a normal ECG look like?

A
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11
Q

What does ECG stand for?

A

Electrocardiogram

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12
Q

What does the p-wave represent in an ECG?

A

Atrial Depolarisation

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13
Q

What does the QRS complex represent in an ECG?

A

Ventricular Depolarisation

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14
Q

What does a T-wave represent in an ECG?

A

Ventricular Repolarisation

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15
Q

What does the PR interval represent in an ECG?

A

Time between atrial depolarisation to ventricular depolarisation (ie through the AV node)

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16
Q

What does the QT interval on an ECG represent?

A

Time between ventricular depolarisation to the end of ventricular repolarisation

17
Q

Why is atrial repolarisation not observed on an ECG?

A

Atrial repolarisation occurs at the same time as ventricular depolarisation and due to the fact ventricular depolarisation involves more tissues and occurs faster the electrical signal swamps the repolarisation

18
Q

What does the Q in the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

A

The interventricular septum depolarising from the left to the right

19
Q

What does the R section in the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

A

bulk of the ventricle depolarising from the inner tissue (endocardial) to the outer tissue (epicardial)

20
Q

What does the S section of the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

A

Upper part of the interventricular septum depolarising

21
Q

Why is the T-wave a positive wave?

A

Action potentials are longer in endocardial cell compared to epicardial cells and therefore repolarisation occurs from outside to in, in the opposite direction of depolarisation

22
Q

What are the augmented limb leads?

A

Allow alternative perspectives on the electrical events that occur in the heart. This allows allows 6 perspectives on the frontal plane

23
Q

Where are the precordial (chest) leads and what event do the they record?

A

They are arranged at the front of the heart and it records events of the heart in the transverse plane

24
Q

What is progression in an ECG?

A

Occurs in the precordial leads

A change in size in R wave from V1 to V6 causing a change from negative to positive occuring around V3 and V4

25
Q

What is the importance of the rhythm strip?

A

Allows you to measure heart rate

As 1 large square is 0.2s

Count how many R waves are in 30 squares and multiply by 10

26
Q

What is STEMI and NSTEMI?

A

STEMI - ST elevated myocardial infarction

NSTEMI - non-ST elevated myocardual infarction

27
Q

Which is worse STEMI or NSTEMI?

A

STEMI is worse than NSTEMI

28
Q

What does ARI BAR stand for?

A

A - Any Electrical Activity?

R - Rate?

I - Irregular or Regular Rhythm?

B - Broad QRS complex?

A - Are there any P-waves?

R - Relationship between P-waves and QRS complex?

29
Q
A

System 2: Cardiovascular AM (9 decks)

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