Physiology Flashcards
What effect does hypercapnia have on cerebal blood flow?
Cerebral vasodilation
What kind of pleural effusion does heart failure cause?
Transudate (low protein)
State Boyle’s Law
At a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of a gas
What is the Law of LaPlace?
What’s more likely to collapse smaller or larger alveoli?
P=2T/r
- smaller radius alveoli = higher tendency to collapse
State Dalton’s law
The total pressure of a mixture of gases = SUM of partial pressures of each component gas
Adding Daltons = ADd
Alveoli who are well ventilated but not adequately prefused are known as?
Alveolar dead space
What factor most increase pulmonary ventilation?
Tidal volume (more so than resp rate - depth of breath is more important)
Describe the neuron pathways involved in normal/forceful expiration and normal inspiration?
What ones are passive and which ones are active processes?
Where are these neurons found?
Normal inspiration
- active
- firing of DORSAL neurons
Normal expiration
- passive
- GAPS in firing of dorsal neurons
Forceful expiration
- active
- firing of VENTRAL neurons
Medulla
Vexed = angry/ forced expiration breathing = V = ventral
What chemoreceptors detect arterial oxygen partial pressure. When stimulated, they cause hyperventilation and increased cardiac output?
Where are they found?
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Carotid and aortic bodies
What chemoreceptors are found in the brainstem. They respond to CSF [H+]
Where are they found?
Central in the medulla
What chemoreceptors, when stimulated, can compensate for metabolic acidosis by triggering increased elimination of CO2?
Peripheral chemoreceptors
What effect does the Bohr effect has on O2 haemoglobin graph?
What 4 things cause the Bohr effect?
What shape is the oxygen haemoglobin vs myoglobin graph?
Right shift - increased oxygen dissocation
Increase [H+]
Increase CO2
Increase 2.3 BPG
Increase temp
Sigmodial- haemoglobin
Hyperbolic - myoglobin
How many haem groups does haemoglobin have vs. myoglobin?
4 - haem
1 - myo
