Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What types of lung cancer are associated with smoking?

A

Small cell
Squamous - most common in smokers

S = smoking

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2
Q

What type is most common in non-smokers and where in the lung is it most commonly found?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Peripheries of lung

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3
Q

What non-small cell carcinoma has the worst prognosis and where is it found in the lung commonly?

A

Large cell

All over the lung

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4
Q

What type is found commonly at the hilum of the lung and as a result commonly locally invades oesophagus etc.

A

Squamous

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5
Q

What type of cancer is associated with Cushing’s syndrome which is caused by increased ACTH (adrenocorcticotropic hormone)

Give symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Small cell carcinoma

Central obesity with striae (stretch marks)
Thin arms and legs
Moon face with red cheeks
“Buffalo back” (fat lump on back of neck)
Poor wound healing

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6
Q

What are the common sites of mestases of primary lung cancer?

A

BLAB

Brain
Liver
Adrenal
Bone

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7
Q

A 56 yo male ex-smoker goes for a CXR following presentation of red flag symptoms (weight loss, haemoptysis).

Discovers solitary nodule on right lung, adjacent to right main bronchus.
What is most likely to be found on biopsy?

A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Stomach cancer mestasis
D. Small cell carcinoma
E. Mesothelioma
A

B. Squamous cell carcinoma

Could be either small cell or squamous but small cell is a much rarer cancer (only 10% of lung cancers are small cell) so more likely to be squamous

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8
Q

Why may a patient experience pleuritic pain?

What cancer types would this be more common in?

A

If tumour invades chest wall

Mesothelium
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell

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9
Q

red flag signs of lung cancer

A

Haemoptysis

Weight loss

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10
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer

A

CDE
Cough
Dysponea
Expiratory wheeze

Finger clubbing
Recurrent pneumonia (due to blockage to part of lung)
Fatigue/tiredness

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11
Q

Why may a patient present with a hoarse voice?

A

Invasion of mediastinum

Compress L recurrent laryngeal nerve

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12
Q

What is a Pancoast tumour and how is a patient likely to present with it?

A

Tumour at apex of lung

Miosis - constricted pupil
Ptosis - drooped eyelid
Anhidrosis - no facial sweating
Muscle wastage in hand

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13
Q

Signs of lung cancer of CXR?

A

Lung collapse
Consolidation
Hilar enlargement
Pneumonia/effusion

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14
Q

How do you diagnose lung cancer?

A

Bronchoscopy + biopsy

FNA (fine needle aspiration) - if peripheral

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15
Q

What is the most important form of treatment

A

Smoking cessation

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16
Q

What must be normal for surgery to be considered?

What kinds of surgery can be used?

A

Normal carina (point of bifurcation of trachea)

Lobectomy - removal of lobe
Pneumonectomy - lung removal

17
Q

How can symptoms of stridor be limited?

A

Fit stents - endobronchial therapy

18
Q

What type of cancer only responds to chemotherapy?

A

Small cell

C = chemo

19
Q

What is better tolerated by patients chemo or radio?

A

Radio

20
Q

What type of asbestos is most likely to cause mesothelioma and asbestosis?

A

Crocidolite

21
Q

What is the most common malignant lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

The most common non-metastatic extrapulmonary manifestation of bronchial carcinomas is…

A

Clubbing

23
Q

Radiotherapy can be used in lung cancer to treat what 2 symptoms?

A

Bone pain

Haemoptysis

24
Q

What cancer produces keratin?

A

Squamous

25
Q

What lung cancer causes clubbing less commonly than the others?

A

Small cell