Anatomy

Question 1

What comes first terminal or respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 1

Terminal

Question 2

At what point in the resp tree is there no longer any cartilage?

Answer 2

Bronchioles

Question 3

Where do vessels in intercostal space get their supply and drain into both anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 3

Oxygenated
Anterior - internal thoracic artery
Posterior - thoracic/descending aorta

Deoxgenated
Anterior - internal thoracic vein
Posterior - azygous vein

Question 4

What is the name for the bifurcation of the trachea? At what level is it found?

Answer 4

Carina
T4/5
Similar level to sternal angle (rib 2)

Question 5

What bronchi is most likely to get food lodged in it? Why?

Answer 5

Right main bronchi

It is slightly superior and more vertical than left and also slightly wider

Question 6

At what point does lower resp tree start?

Answer 6

C6

Question 7

Where do you find the costal cartilage?

Answer 7

Between ribs and sternum

Question 8

How many pairs of ribs are there?
How many are real?
How many are floating?
How many are false?

Answer 8

12 sets of ribs
1-7 are real
8-10 are false
11-12 are floating

Question 9

What does T1 stand for?

Answer 9

Thoracic vertebrae 1

Question 10

What two joints are found posteriorly that hold the ribs to the spine?
What kind of joints are these?

Answer 10

Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint

Synovial joints (lots of movement)

Question 11

What does the spinal cord run through?

Answer 11

Vertrebal foramen

Question 12

What is the name for the bony connection to the intervertebral discs?

Answer 12

Pedicles

Question 13

What is the name of the bony connection of the intervertebral discs to the spinous process?

Answer 13

Laminae

Question 14

The site of the oblique fissure anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 14

Anteriorly - rib 6

Posteriorly - T3

Question 15

The site of the horizontal fissure?

Answer 15

Right 4th rib

Question 16

Where is the lung base ascultated?

Answer 16

T11

Question 17

What muscles are involved in respiration

Answer 17

Inspiration

• diaphgram
• internal intercostals

ACTIVE Expiration
- external intercostals

Accessory

• sternocleidomastoid
• scalene
• abdominal muscles
• pectoralis major

Question 18

Which of the following arises from the anterior surface of descending aorta?
Bronchial arteries
Intercostal arteries

Answer 18

Bronchial arteries

Intercostal arteries - subclavian + posterior surface of aorta

Question 19

What is a granuloma?

Why is it created?

Answer 19

Lung mass that may mimic a tumour
Involves macrophages and neurotic core

Attempt to wall off pathogen/foreign body

Question 20

What is the narrowest part of the larynx?

Answer 20

Rima glottis

Question 21

What level is the male nipple found at?

Answer 21

T4

Question 22

What cartilage is the adam’s apple?

Answer 22

Thyroid cartilage

Question 23

What abducts/adducts to produce sound?

What cartilage are they attached to?

Answer 23

Vocal folds

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 24

Which structure forms a barrier between the laryngopharynx and
larynx to prevent aspiration?

Answer 24

Epiglottis

Question 25

In the lung root describe the location of bronchus, veins and arteries

Answer 25

Bronchus - most posterior
Arteries - most superior
Veins - most anterior/inferior

Question 26

Between what muscle layers do the intervascular bundle lie?
Do they lie superiorly or inferiorly in the intercostal space?
What is contained within the intervascular bundle and in what order?

Answer 26

Internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscle layers

Superiorly in intercostal space (below rib)

VAN (superior to inferior)
Vein
Artery
Nerve