Physiology

Question 1

Which nucleus secrete GnRH?

Answer 1

Preoptic

Question 2

Testosterone transportation in blood…

Answer 2

44%- sex hormone binding globulin

55%- Serum albumin and corticoesteroid binding globulin

2% free (metabolic effects)

Question 3

Which cell organelles are found in abundance in the neck of the sperm?

Answer 3

mitochrondria

Question 4

At what point in the spermatogenesis can 2 secondary spermatocytes be seen?

Answer 4

End of 1st meiotic division.

Question 5

In which period FSH and LH are both seen in most abundance ?

Answer 5

menopause

Question 6

During puberty what is seen in the rhythm of LH secretion?

Answer 6

Increased at night.

Question 7

In the female, granulosa cells contain what aspects that thecal cells do not?

Answer 7

Aromatase

Question 8

Which of the following cells are responsible for testosterone production?

Answer 8

Theca cells.

Question 9

What percentage of estradiol is bound to albumin in blood?

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

A high plasma level of progesterone increases which parameters?

Answer 10

Endometrial secretions.

Question 11

Which is the mechanism of effect of estradiol on bone?

Answer 11

Increased growth.

Question 12

The increased oestrogen results in which event?

Answer 12

Up regulation of LH.

Question 13

Which hormone rescues the corpus luteum from progressing to a corpus albicans?

Answer 13

hCG

Question 14

Which hormone only provides positive feedback to the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?

Answer 14

Activin

Question 15

What percentage of semen is secreted from the prostate ?

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

Capacitation of sperm occurs in which portion of the sperm?

Answer 16

Cap

Question 17

Which of the following proteins allow sperm to gain proximity to the egg?

Answer 17

PH20

Question 18

Which of the following ions modify ZP2 to resist entry of more sperms after the first has succeeded?

Answer 18

Calcium

Question 19

Which cell type from the blastocyst binds the epithelial wall of the uterus?

Answer 19

Trophoblast

Question 20

How many cells are seen to develop at the morula stage of development?

Answer 20

16

Question 21

What is the blood pressure at the placental vascular interface at 15-20 day of gestation?

Answer 21

70 mmHg

Question 22

What is the perfusion pressure at the placenta?

Answer 22

Arterial- venous pressure.

Question 23

Which parameters are seen to drop in the first 10 weeks of gestation?

Answer 23

Systemic vascular resistance.

Question 24

What percentage of increase in oxygen need is seen in a pregnant woman?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

Which organ receive more blood in a pregnant woman?

Answer 25

Kidney ( increase in 50% of Glomerule filtration rate)

Question 26

What percentage of cardiac output goes through the lungs of a fetus?

Answer 26

6%

Question 27

The change of pressure between the right and left ventricles during birth leads to …? (2)

Answer 27

Closure of the ductus arteriosus.

Closure of formane ovale

Question 28

What change is seen in blood flow when the infant draws first breath?

Answer 28

Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance.

Question 29

What size of carbon chains are seen in lipids in milk?

Answer 29

16 carbon chain.

Question 30

What is the method of calcium secretion into milk?

Answer 30

Exocytosis

Question 31

Physiology of Suckling reflex

Answer 31

Suckling reflex increases both prolactin and oxytocin, a neural feedback

Prolactin does provide negative feedback to hypothalamic GnRH secreting neurons

This serves to suppress the menstrual cycle and can cause lactational amenorrhea