Physiology

Question 1

What are the three components of a homeostatic system?

Answer 1

Receptor (senses), control centre (integrates), effector (makes change)

Question 2

What are the two types of a homeostatic system?

Answer 2

Intrinsic (inherent within system), extrinsic (nervous/neuroendocrine)

Question 3

The baroreceptor response controls transient changes in BP. What are the receptors, control centres, and effectors?

Answer 3

Aortic/carotid baroreceptors -> medulla (nucleus tractus solitarus, nucleus ambigus), -> SAN/blood vessels

Question 4

What is the core body temperature usually?

Answer 4

37.8 oC

Question 5

When is hypothermia and hyperthermia diagnosed?

Answer 5

Hypo < 35, Hyper > 40

Question 6

Describe the chemical response which results in an increase in body temperature due to infection.

Answer 6

Macrophage (endogenous pyrogen) releases prostaglandin, resetting thermostat and causing fever/shivering response

Question 7

How is the ‘hot response’ reversed?

Answer 7

Drop in macrophage and prostaglandin levels

Question 8

Which two methods can the body use to input heat?

Answer 8

Radiation, basal metabolic rate (i.e. muscle activity)

Question 9

Which four methods can the body use to expel heat?

Answer 9

Radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation

Question 10

Heat input/output effects which areas of the brain?

Answer 10

Hot - anterior hypothalamus, cold - posterior hypo.

Question 11

Describe the receptors, control centres, and effectors of the temperature response.

Answer 11

Thermoreceptors, hypothalamus, sweat glands/skin arterioles/skeletal muscle

Question 12

Which are the seven vital signs?

Answer 12

Temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, consciousness, capillary refill, heart rate