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panic principles flashcards > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the maintenance of steady states within our bodies by coordinated physiological mechanisms

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2
Q

how do feedforward systems work

A

response in anticipation of a change

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3
Q

how do feedback systems work

A

response after a change

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4
Q

how does negative feedback work

A

opposes initial change

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5
Q

how does positive feedback work

A

amplifies a change

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6
Q

what is hypertension

A

clinic BP over 140/90 and day time average of 135/85

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7
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic

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8
Q

what is average BP

A

140/90

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9
Q

what is normal pulse pressure

A

30 - 50

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10
Q

how do you calculate MAP

A

DPB + 1/3pulse pressure

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11
Q

what is map

A

average blood pressure over one cardiac cycle

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12
Q

what is the normal range for MAP

A

70-105

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13
Q

why is an MAP of at least 60 needed

A

to perfuse vital organs

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14
Q

what happens if MAP is too high

A

puts strain on the heart and blood vessels

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15
Q

where are the two sets of baroreceptors

A

aortic arch

carotid sinuses

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16
Q

what is the equation for MAP

A

cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance

17
Q

what is the equation for CO

A

stroke volume x heart rate

18
Q

what is systemic vascular resistance

A

the sum of resistance of all vasculature in the systemic circulation

19
Q

where are the sensors for temperature homeostasis

A

central thermoreceptors (hypothalamus) and peripheral thermoreceptors (skin)

20
Q

where is the control centre for temperature homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

21
Q

what part of the hypothalamus is activated by cold

A

posterior

22
Q

what part of the hypothalamus is activated by hot

A

anterior

23
Q

what are the effectors for temperature homeostasis

A

skeletal muscle
skin arterioles
sweat glands

24
Q

what is osmolarity

A

the concentration of osmotically active particles present in a solution

25
Q

what is tonicity

A

the effect a solution has on cell volume

26
Q

what is isotonic

A

no movement of water, no change in cell volume

27
Q

what is hypotonic

A

water moves into cells, they swell.

28
Q

what is hypertonic

A

water moves out of cells so they shrink

29
Q

what is membrane potential (em)

A

separation of opposite charges across membrane due to differences in the concentration & permeability of ions

30
Q

what is an action potential

A

rapid, transient changes in their membrane potential when excited

panic principles flashcards (7 decks)

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