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Hematology & Oncology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an A blood group?

A

A Ag on RBC surface & anti-B Ab in plasma

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2
Q

What is a B blood group?

A

B Ag on RBC surface & anti-A Ab in plasma

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3
Q

What is an AB blood group?

A

A & B Ag on RBC surface; no Ab’s in plasma

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4
Q

What is the universal receipient of RBC?

A

AB blood group

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5
Q

What is the universal donor of plasma?

A

AB blood group

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6
Q

What is an O blood group?

A

Neither A nor B Ag on RBC surface, both Ab’s in plasma

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7
Q

What is the universal donor of RBC’s?

A

Type O blood group

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8
Q

What is the universal recipient of plasma?

A
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9
Q

What happens when Rh- mothers are exposed to fetal Rh+ blood?

A

Make anti-Rh IgG

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10
Q

What does anti-Rh IgG do in subsequent pregnancies?

A

Crosses the placenta, causing hemolytic dz of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) in the next fetus taht is Rh+

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11
Q

How can erythroblastosis fetalis be prevented?

A

Rho (D) immune globulin for mother at first delivery to prevent initial sensitization of Rh- mother to Rh Ag

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12
Q

Which vitamin is a component of Procoagulation?

A

Vitamin K

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13
Q

Warfarin inhibitis ___ ___.

A

Epoxide reductase

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14
Q

What doe neonates lack?

A

Enteric bacteria which produce vitamin K

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15
Q

What is Vitamin K deficiency?

A

Dec synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S

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16
Q

What carries/protects VIII?

A

vWF

17
Q

Antithrombin inhibits activated forms of factors_____.

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

18
Q

Heparin activates ____.

A

Antithrombin

19
Q

What does Factor V Leiden mutation produce?

A

Factor V resistant to inhibition by activated protein C

20
Q

What is used clinically as a thrombolytic?

A
21
Q

What happens during the first step of platelet plug formation?

A

INJURY

  • vWF binds to exposed collagen upon endothelial damage
22
Q

What happens during the 2nd step of platelet plug formation?

A

ADHESION

  • Platelets bind vWF via GpIb receptor at the site of injury only (specific)
  • Platelets release ADP & Ca2+ (necessary for cogulation cascade
  • ADP helps platelets adhere to endothelium
23
Q

What is the 3rd step of platelet plug formation?

A

ACTIVATION

  • ADP binding to receptor induces GpIIb/IIIa expression at platelet surface
24
Q

What is the 4th step of platelet plug formation?

A

AGGREGATION

  • Fibrinogen binds GbIIb/IIIa receptors & links platelets
  • Balance b/w Pro & Anti-aggregation factors
  • Temporary plug stops bleeding
25
Q

What are the Pro-aggregation factors?

A
  • TXA2 (released by platelets)
  • Dec BF
  • Inc platelet aggregation
26
Q

What are the Anti-aggregation factors?

A
  • PGI2 & NO (released by endothelial cells)
  • Inc BF
  • Dec platelet aggregation
27
Q

What is Thrombogenesis?

A

Formation of insoluble fibrin mesh

28
Q

What does Aspirin inhibit?

A

Cyclooxygenase (TXA2 synthesis)

29
Q

What do Ticlopidine & clopidogrel inhibit?

A

ADP-induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa

30
Q

What does Abciximab inhibit?

A

GpIIb/IIIa directly

31
Q

What is deficient in von Willebrand’s dz?

A

vWF

32
Q

What is deficient in Bernard-Soulier syndrome?

A

GpIb

33
Q

What is deficient in Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia?

A

GpIIb/IIIa

34
Q

What doe the Acute-phase reactants in plasma cause?

A

RBC aggregation therby inc RBC sedimentation rate

(RBC have a higher density than plasma)

35
Q

Which disorders is ESR inc in?

A
  • Infections
  • Autoimmune diseases (SLE, RA, temporal arteritis)
  • Malignant neoplasms
  • GI dz (ulcerative colitis)
  • Pregnancy
36
Q

Which disorders is ESR dec in?

A
  • Polycythemia
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Microcytosis
  • Hypofibrinogenemia

Hematology & Oncology (7 decks)

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