Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology & Oncology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the function of an Erythrocyte?

A

Carries O2 & CO2 to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does an Erythrocyte look like?

A

Anucleate & biconcave, w/ large SA to volume ratio for rapid gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the life span of an Erythrocyte?

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the energy source for an erythrocyte?

A

Glucose (90% used in glycolysis, 10% used in HMP shunt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does an Erythrocyte membrane contain?

A

Chloride HCO3- & transport CO2 from the periphery to the lungs for elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Erythrocytosis?

A

Polycythemia= Inc hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Anisocytosis?

A

Varying size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Poikilocytosis?

A

Varying shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an Reticulocyte?

A

Immature erthrocyte, marker of erythroid proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Platelets (thrombocytes) involved in?

A

1° hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Platelets derived from?

A

Small cytoplasmic fragment derived from megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the life span of a Platelet?

A

8-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens when platelets are activated by endothelial injury?

A

Aggregates w/ other platelets & interacts w/ fibrin to form platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do Platelets contain?

A

Dense granules (ADP, Ca) & alpha granules (vWF, fibrinogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is approximately 1/3 of the platelet pool stored?

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction results in ____.

A

Petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the vWF receptor for platelets?

A

GpIb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Fibrinogen receptor for platelets?

A

GpIIb/IIIa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Leukocytes divided into?

A

Granulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil) & mononuclear cells (monocytes, lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Leukocytes responsible for?

A

Defense against infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the normal level of Leukocytes?

A

4,000-10,000 cells/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the WBC differential from highest to lowest?

A
  • Neutrophils (54-62%)
  • Lymphocytes (25-33%)
  • Monocytes (3-7%)
  • Eosinophils (1-3%)
  • Basophils (0.0.75%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the acute inflammatory response cell?

A

Neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do Neutrophils increase?

A

Bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the histo of a neutrophil?
Multilobed nucleus
26
What do the small more numerous, specific granules in neutrophils contain?
* Alkaline phosphatase * Collagenase * Lysozyme * Lactoferrin
27
What do the Larger, less numerous azurophilic granules (lysosomes) contain?
* Acid phosphatase * Perioxidase * ß-glucuronidase
28
What is seen in Vitamin B12/folate deficiency?
Hypersegmented polys (5 or more lobes)
29
What does an inc in Band cells indicate?
Immature neutrophils reflext states of inc myeloid proliferation (bacterial infections, CML)
30
What do Monocytes differentiate into?
Macrophages in tissues
31
What is the histo of a Monocyte?
Large, kidney-shaped nucleus Extensive "frosted glass" cytoplasm
32
What are the functions of Macrophages?
Phagocytoses bacteria, cell debris & senescent RBCs & scavenges damaged cells & tissues
33
What is the life span of Macrophages?
Long life in tissues
34
What do macrophages differentiate from?
Circulating blood monocytes
35
What activates Macrophags?
Gamma-interferon
36
What can macrophages function as?
Ag-presenting cell via MHC II
37
What is the cell surface marker for macrophages?
CD14
38
What are the functions of Eosinphils?
* Defends against helminthic infections (major basic protein) * Highly phagocytic for Ag-Ab complexes
39
What is the histo of an Eosinophil?
Bilobate nucleus
40
What are eosinophils packed with?
Large eosinophilic granules of uniform size
41
What do eosinophils produce?
Histamine & arylsulfatase (helps limit reaction following mast cell degranulation)
42
What causes eosinophilia?
* Neoplastic * Asthma * Allergic processes * Collagen vascular dz * Parasites (invasive)
43
What do Bsophils do?
Mediate allergic reaction
44
What do Basophils contain?
Densely basophilic granules containing heparin (anticolagulant), histamine (vasodilator) & leukotrienes (LTD4)
45
What is the function of a Mast cell?
Mediates allergic reaction in local tissues
46
Mast cells resemble ___ structurally & functionally but are not the same cell type.
Basophils
47
What can mast cells bind to?
Fc portion of IgE to membrane
48
What happens when IgE cross-links upon Ag binding?
Causes degranulation which releases histamine, heparin & eosinophil chemotactic factors
49
Mast cells are involved in ___ hypersensitivity reactions.
Type I
50
What does Cromolyn sodium prevent?
Mast cell degranulation (used for asthma prophylaxis)
51
What are Dendritic cells?
Highly phagocytic Ag-presenting cells (APCs)
52
What do Dendritic cells function as?
A link b/w innate & adaptive immune system
53
What do Dendritic cells express?
MHC class II & Fc receptor on surface
54
What are Dendritic cells called in the skin?
Langerhans cells
55
What is the function of a Lymphocyte?
Mediates adaptive immunity
56
What are lymphocytes divided into?
B cells & T cells
57
What is the histo of a lymphocyte?
Round, densely staining nucleus w/ small amount of pale cytoplasm
58
What are B lymphocytes apart of?
Humoral immune response
59
Where do B lymphocytes arise from?
Stem cells in bone marrow
60
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Bone marrow
61
Where do B lymphocytes migrate to?
Peripheral lymphoid tissue (follicles of LN, white pulp of spleen, unencapsulated lymphoid tissue)
62
What happens when Ag is encountered?
B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce Ab & memory cells
63
B lymphocytes can function as ___ via \_\_\_.
APC via MHC II
64
What do Plasma cells produce?
Large amounts of Ab specific to a particular Ag
65
What is the histo of a Plasma cell?
Off-center nucleus, clock-face chromatin distribution, abundant RER & well-developed Golgi apparatus
66
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Plasma cell cancer
67
What is the function of a T lymphocyte?
Mediates cellular immune response
68
Where do T lymphocytes originate from?
Stem cells in bone marrow
69
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Thymus
70
What do T cells differentiate into?
* Cytotoxic T cells (express CD8, recognize MHC II) * Helper T cells (express CD4, recognize MHC II) * Regulatory T cells
71
What is the costimulatory signal for T cell activation?
CD28
72
What are the majority (80%) of circulating lymphocytes?
T cells

Hematology & Oncology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions